Case Study 1: AN ALL-TO-REAL EXCERCISEEx vivo gene therapy is an expensive and time-consuming technique and consequently itrequires that candidates for receiving gene therapy be ranked in the following manner: first,medical urgency and second, time on the waiting list. When these factors are relatively equal,other factors may be considered.You are in charge of a clinical trial using ex vivo gene therapy for treating familialhypercholesterolemia, a liver disease, caused by a defective low-density lipoprotein receptor.At the moment, you have eight patients who are candidates for this gene therapy trial. Luckily,they are all about as healthy as can be expected. They are being maintained by diet, medication,and some other rather unpleasant procedures. It is just about impossible to predict which onewill need this gene therapy the most. Yet, you must rank them!BIOGRAPHICAL PROFILES OF THE CANDIDATES FOR THIS EX VIVO GENETHERAPY CLINICAL TRIALTHOMAS: White, male, American, age 48. Married for 24 years. Two children (boy 21, girl19). Both in college. Spouse: high school English teacher. Education: Ph.D. and M.D. Holdsjoint professorships in the University's College of Medicine and College of Arts and Sciences.Researcher in molecular and cellular biology with a focus on cancer research. Regarded by hiscolleagues as one of the world's leading experts on the treatment of lung cancers. He may beon the verge of an important breakthrough. Member of a local church and several serviceorganizations, including a Boy Scout leader for 10 years.ROBERT: White, male, American, age 31. Married for 6 years. One child (girl 5). Spouse:part-time secretary, three months pregnant. Education: high school drop-out, but has beenattending night school to learn a trade in electronics. Has been working as a laborer for a localconstruction firm. No religious affiliation or community service organizations listed.AHMlR: White, male, Saudi Arabian, age 25. Single. Education: enrolled in Ph.D. program inComputer Science in the University. His father, a wealthy sheik and alumnus of the University,is seriously considering a donation of ten million dollars to the University for support ofmedical research. A devout Muslim. Member of several international student groups.YVONNE: Black, female, American, age 34. Single. Education: graduate of selective liberalarts college and the University's Law School. Recently admitted as a partner in one of the state'ssmall but prestigious law firms. A major organizer of a counseling service for rape and wifeabuse victims. Member of local choral society; was alto soloist in Christmas production ofHandel's Messiah. Active in the local Baptist church and several charitable