Vista previa parcial del texto
¡Descarga Analisis de caso enfrenta y más Apuntes en PDF de Razonamiento solo en Docsity!
The tolerance of bone to injury is a function of the load and the cycles of loading. Examples of injuries to the skeletal system are presented in Table 2-2. The activity associated with the injury, the type of load causing the injury, and the mechanism of injury are summarized. Tt is still not clear why some athletes participating in the same activity acquire a stress fracture injury and others do not. Tt has been suggested that other factors such as limb alignment and soft tissue dampening of imposed loads may play a role in influenc- ing the risk of fracture (5). TABLE IAEA CHAPTER 2 Skeletal Considerations for Movement 47 E Cartilage Cartilage is a firm, flexible tissue made up of cells called chondrocytes surrounded by an extracellular matrix. The two main types of cartilage that will be discussed in this chapter are articular or hyaline cartilage and fibrocartilage. ARTICULAR CARTILAGE Articulating joints connect the different bones of the skel- eton. Tn freely moving joints, the articulating ends of the Load Causing Type of Injury Activity Examples Injury Mechanism of Injury Tibial stress Dancing, running, basketball Compression Tension, compression Medial epicondyle fracture Gymnastics Stress fracture of Tension the big toe Sprinting, fencing, rugby Stress fracture of the femoral neck Running, gymnastics Compression Stress fracture in the calcaneus Ruming, basketball, volleyball Compression Stress fracture in the lumbar vertebrae Weight lifting, gymnastics, football Compression, tension Tibial plateau fractures Skiing Compression Stress fracture to the medial malleolus Running Compression Hamate fracture Baseball, golf, tennis Compression of the hand Fracture of the Skiing Bending, tibia compression, tension Fracture of the Skiing, football Shear femoral condyles Stress fracture in — Running, aerobics, jumping Tension the fibula Meniscus tear of the knee Basketball, football, jumping, volleyball, soccer Compression, torsion Stress fracture in the metatarsal Runing Compression Stress fracture in Tension the femoral shaft Running, triathlon Poor conditioning, stiff footwear, unyielding surfaces, hyper- mobile foot (overpronation) Too much work on floor exercise and tumbling Toe extensors create bowstring effect on the big toe when up on the toes; primarily in individuals with hallux valgus Muscle fatigue, high-arched foot Hard surface, stiff footwear High loads with hyperlordotic low-back posture Hyperextension and valgus of the knee, as in turning, with the force on the inside edge of the downhill ski, abruptly halted with heavy snow Ankle sprain to the outside, causing compression between the talus and medial malleolus or excessive pronation because the medial malleolus rotates in with tibial rotation and pronation Relaxed grip in the swing that stops suddenly at the end of the swing as the club hits the ground, the bat is forcefully checked, or the racket is out of control Three-point bending fall in which the body weight, boot, and ground bend the tibia posteriorly Hyperextension of the knee with valgus force Jumping or deep-knee bends with a walk; pull by soleus, tibialis posterior, peroneals, and toe flexors, pulling the tibia and fibula together Turning on a weight-bearing limb or valgus force to the knee Hard surfaces, stiff footwear, high-arched foot, fatigue Excessive training and mileage; created by pull of the vastus medialis or adductor brevis 
