Q. WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT POLITICAL THEORY?
(LUCKNOW UNIVERSITY LNU004)
Political theory is a branch of political science that focuses on the systematic study and analysis of
fundamental concepts, ideas, and principles related to politics and governance. It involves examining the
thoughts, writings, and works of various political philosophers and theorists throughout history to
understand and critically evaluate the nature of political systems, the role of the state, the exercise of
power, and the principles underlying political behavior.
Key Features of Political Theory:
1. Conceptual Analysis: Political theory involves a deep exploration and conceptual analysis of
fundamental political concepts, such as justice, freedom, equality, authority, legitimacy, rights,
democracy, and sovereignty. Scholars seek to clarify the meanings and implications of these
concepts for political life.
2. Historical Perspective: Political theory often delves into the writings and ideas of influential
political thinkers from different historical periods. This includes figures like Plato, Aristotle,
Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, Marx, and many others. By studying their works, political
theorists gain insights into the evolution of political thought and its impact on the development
of political systems.
3. Normative and Descriptive Approaches: Political theory combines both normative and
descriptive approaches. Normative political theory deals with questions of how politics ought to
be, often involving ethical considerations and value judgments. Descriptive political theory, on
the other hand, seeks to understand how politics actually operates and the dynamics of political
behavior.
4. Theoretical Frameworks: Political theory employs various theoretical frameworks and
methodologies to analyze political phenomena. These can include liberalism, conservatism,
socialism, feminism, critical theory, post-colonial theory, and others. Each framework offers
unique perspectives on the nature of politics and governance.
5. Inquiry into Political Systems: Political theory examines different forms of political systems,
ranging from ancient and classical theories of governance to contemporary theories about
democracy, authoritarianism, and global governance. The goal is to understand the structures,
functions, and implications of various political arrangements.
Importance of Political Theory:
1. Understanding Political Concepts: Political theory provides a deeper understanding of the
foundational concepts and ideas that shape political discourse, policy debates, and the
organization of societies.
