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SAFETY RULES AND GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICES, Study notes of Chemistry

chemistry is not a dangerous activity when practiced properly.

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2022/2023

Uploaded on 09/09/2023

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ENGCHEM 101 Page 1 OF 5
FOREWORD
Chemistry is an experimental science. Everything we know about atoms and
molecules is almost entirely the result of the laboratory experimentation. A student in
chemistry laboratory has a challenging opportunity to understand the interactions of
atoms and molecules and to make many observations of chemical reactions under
controlled laboratory conditions.
This laboratory manual in Chemistry for Engineers is designed to prepare the student
for future laboratory work not only in Chemistry but in other courses as well. He will learn
how to plan for experiments, perform the experiments correctly, obtain data, and
interpret results. He will also learn to be safety conscious thereby making the laboratory
a safer place to work and protect the individual and the environment from the exposure
to hazardous materials.
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FOREWORD

Chemistry is an experimental science. Everything we know about atoms and molecules is almost entirely the result of the laboratory experimentation. A student in chemistry laboratory has a challenging opportunity to understand the interactions of atoms and molecules and to make many observations of chemical reactions under controlled laboratory conditions. This laboratory manual in Chemistry for Engineers is designed to prepare the student for future laboratory work not only in Chemistry but in other courses as well. He will learn how to plan for experiments, perform the experiments correctly, obtain data, and interpret results. He will also learn to be safety conscious thereby making the laboratory a safer place to work and protect the individual and the environment from the exposure to hazardous materials.

Activity No. 1 SAFETY RULES AND GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICES Chemistry is not a dangerous activity when practiced properly. The chemistry laboratory can be a place of learning, discovery, and enjoyment. It can also be a place of frustration and danger but when safety rules and a proper understanding of techniques and laboratory practices are employed, the chemistry laboratory is no more dangerous than any other classroom. Observance of these rules is essential for the sake of one’s safety and that of others in the laboratory. Although most of the safety precautions are just common-sense practices, they must be developed through training and practice. A. Safety Rules

  1. Safety goggles or safety glasses with side panels must be worn at all times in the laboratory to protect the eyes from chemicals splashes.
  2. Contact lenses are not permitted in the lab. The goggles can protect the eyes from splashes but not from fumes which can dry the contact lenses.
  3. The eyes are particularly susceptible to permanent damage by corrosive chemicals and by flying fragments. Never look into the open end of a test tube or a reaction vessel especially when it is being heated nor should you point its mouth toward anyone. (The proper way of heating liquids is illustrated in Common Laboratory Techniques and Apparatus section, Figure A.5.) Avoid rubbing your eyes unless you know that your hands are clean.
  4. Sandals, open-toed shoes, and high heels are not allowed in the lab. This is to protect your feet from broken glass, chemical splashes and spills. The restriction on high heels is for balance.
  5. Laboratory gowns must be used properly at all times to protect clothing from chemical splashes/fire.
  6. Long hair is to be constrained.
  7. Eating, drinking, and smoking are strictly not allowed in the laboratory.
  8. The apparatuses to be used are often delicate or breakable and must, therefore, be treated with caution. (The laboratory apparatuses usually used are shown in Common Laboratory Techniques and Apparatus section.)
  9. Chemicals must be handled carefully since many are poisonous and dangerously explosive.
  10. Never taste anything. Never directly smell the source of any vapor or gas; instead, by means of your cupped hand, bring a small sample to your nose. Chemicals are
  1. Do not throw matches, litmus, or any insoluble solids into the sink. Labelled waste containers are provided to collect hazardous solid or liquids wastes.
  2. Leave reagent bottles at the side tables and bring the tubes or beakers to obtain chemicals.
  3. Read the label twice before taking anything from a reagent bottle; there is a lot of difference between the properties of 1 M H 2 SO 4 and those of concentrated (18 M) H 2 SO 4.
  4. Avoid taking excessive amounts of reagent, 1 to 3 mL is usually ample for test tube reactions.
  5. Never return unused chemicals to stock the bottle. You may make a mistake that later will cause other student’s experiments to suffer.
  6. Do not insert your own medicine dropper into the reagent bottles to avoid contamination. Pour only what you need into a small, clean beaker or test tube. (The proper way to pour liquids from a reagent bottle is shown in Common Laboratory Techniques and Apparatus section, Figure A.2.)
  7. Do not lay down the stopper of a reagent bottle. It may pick up impurities and thus contaminate the solution when the stopper is returned. (Figure A.1 in Common Laboratory Techniques and Apparatus section show the proper way of opening a reagent bottle.)
  8. Do not heat thick glassware such as graduated cylinders, volumetric flasks, or bottles; they break easily, and heating distorts the glass so that the calibrations are no longer valid.
  9. All data should be recorded directly into your Answer Booklet, not on loose sheets or scraps of paper.
  10. Good housekeeping is a prerequisite for safe and accurate experimentation. Keep your work table and the reagent table clean and tidy at all times.
  11. The recommended procedure for cleaning glassware is to wash the object carefully with a brush in hot water and detergent, then rinse thoroughly with tap water, and finally rinse with a small amount of distilled water. Then allow the glassware to drain dry overnight in your locker. If you must use a piece of glassware while it is still wet, rinse it with the solution to be used.
  12. You may discuss or argue your ideas and knowledge with your classmates, but don’t blindly copy their work. Do your own thinking and work and remember that integrity is the keystone to scientific work.
  13. You may also find it useful to refer to your text while working in the laboratory.

C. First Aid The following are common laboratory accidents that necessitate first aid treatment until professional help, if needed, is obtained.

  1. Chemicals in the eye: Hold the eye open and immediately flush with a water. Continue for at least 15 minutes.
  2. Chemicals spilled on skin: Flush with a large amount of water 15 minutes.
  3. Severe bleeding: Apply pressure or tourniquet.
  4. Minor burns: Apply burn ointment which can be obtained from the Chemistry Laboratory office.