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The supervision and regulation of high-risk activities falls under which of the following functions? A. Generating economic revenue B. Promoting health and safety ✅ C. Encouraging community festivals D. Protecting cultural values Correct Answer: B. Promoting health and safety Rationale: Supervising high-risk activities is a safety concern, making it part of promoting health and safety functions. The Federal Government fulfills various roles and responsibilities. Which of the following is not one of those roles or responsibilities? A. National park management B. Federal funding for recreation C. Administration of federally mandated state parks ✅ D. Enforcing disability legislation Correct Answer: C. Administration of federally mandated state parks Rationale: State parks are managed by state governments, not administered federally. The four major benefits of the modern leisure-service system are: A. Health, beauty, education, social reform B. Fun, fitness, finances, freedom C. Economic, social and community, environmental, personal values ✅ D. Economic, recreation, policy, entertainment Correct Answer: C. Economic, social and community, environmental, personal values Rationale: These are the widely recognized core benefits in modern leisure-service systems. All of the following, except for ___, is a major element in the modern leisure- service system:
A. Nonprofit organizations B. Private agencies C. Public agencies ✅ D. Commercial recreation Correct Answer: C. Public agencies Rationale: This is a trick item; while public agencies are central, the question uses “except,” meaning public agencies are excluded to highlight the other elements. Which of the following is not a federal agency involved in land management? A. U.S. Forest Service B. Bureau of Land Management C. U.S. Immigration Service ✅ D. National Park Service Correct Answer: C. U.S. Immigration Service Rationale: Immigration services are not responsible for land management. Commercial recreation agencies are primarily distinguished by: A. Volunteer involvement B. The profit motive ✅ C. Public funding D. Local control Correct Answer: B. The profit motive Rationale: These agencies operate with a goal of generating profit. Tax funds approved by Congress for recreational expenses are: A. Sponsored grants B. Allocated taxes C. Discretionary funding D. Appropriated funds ✅ Correct Answer: D. Appropriated funds Rationale: Appropriated funds are officially authorized by legislative bodies like Congress. In Illinois, parks and recreation agencies form _____ to provide programs for people with disabilities. A. Recreational nonprofits B. State departments C. Special recreation associations ✅ D. Disability coalitions Correct Answer: C. Special recreation associations Rationale: These associations are unique to Illinois for this purpose.
Quantitative research is based on a numerical approach to data collection and analysis. A. True ✅ B. False Correct Answer: A. True Rationale: Quantitative methods emphasize measurable, numeric data. When time and resources are limited, qualitative data is faster to collect and easier to analyze. A. True B. False ✅ Correct Answer: B. False Rationale: Qualitative research tends to be more time-consuming due to complexity of analysis. Research focusing on the experience of social groups and bio-social interactions is: A. Biological research B. Social Science Research ✅ C. Humanities D. Policy research Correct Answer: B. Social Science Research Rationale: This field includes studying human behavior in social contexts. Reliability vs. Validity: Results are considered reliable when data are related to the exact phenomena under study. A. True B. False ✅ Correct Answer: B. False Rationale: That defines validity. Reliability refers to consistency of results. Which of the following is a theory developed specifically by the leisure field? A. Hierarchy of Needs B. Behavioral Psychology C. Evidence-Based Benefits ✅ D. Cognitive Development Theory Correct Answer: C. Evidence-Based Benefits Rationale: This is a leisure-specific theory focusing on measurable benefits. Leisure studies is informed by which of the following social-science fields? A. Anthropology B. Sociology
C. Psychology D. All of the above ✅ Correct Answer: D. All of the above Rationale: Leisure studies is multidisciplinary in nature. Leisure studies is considered an academic discipline with its own unique knowledge base. A. True ✅ B. False Correct Answer: A. True Rationale: It’s recognized as an independent academic field. Which of the following is a type of qualitative data collection? A. Behavioral observations B. Photo analysis C. Focus groups D. All of the above ✅ Correct Answer: D. All of the above Rationale: These are all valid qualitative methods. The Ancient Greeks used this period of non-work time for freedom and personal development: A. Bread and Circuses B. Ascholia C. Schole ✅ D. Aion Correct Answer: C. Schole Rationale: Schole meant leisure for contemplation and enrichment. The leisure service industry will be the fourth largest revenue producer in the economy by 2022. A. True ✅ B. False Correct Answer: A. True Rationale: Forecasts showed major growth in leisure and hospitality sectors. Aristotle was the first person to promote the idea that leisure was performed for its own sake. A. True ✅ B. False Correct Answer: A. True Rationale: Aristotle valued leisure as essential to the good life.
Leisure sites like Zucotti Park can serve as places of resistance. A. True ✅ B. False Correct Answer: A. True Rationale: Public spaces can be used for protest and social movements. Music has played a role in our lives in terms of social resistance. A. True ✅ B. False Correct Answer: A. True Rationale: Music has historically been tied to protest and social change. Which civilization promoted leisure as spectacle (“bread and circuses”)? A. Greeks B. Egyptians C. Romans ✅ D. Persians Correct Answer: C. Romans Rationale: Romans used entertainment to distract the populace. The ancient Greek term “schole” means public games. A. True B. False ✅ Correct Answer: B. False Rationale: Schole refers to scholarly leisure, not games. Urban sprawl and need for open space led to what leisure subindustry? A. Competitive recreation B. Outdoor and Resource-based Recreation ✅ C. International tourism D. Fine arts education Correct Answer: B. Outdoor and Resource-based Recreation Rationale: This subindustry provides escape and nature access. The fastest growing segment of the leisure service industry is: A. Senior wellness B. Public agencies C. Tourism and commercial recreation ✅ D. Cultural heritage sites Correct Answer: C. Tourism and commercial recreation Rationale: Driven by consumer demand and economic growth.
This leisure activity dominates most people's leisure time: A. Reading B. Hiking C. Watching TV ✅ D. Traveling Correct Answer: C. Watching TV Rationale: It remains the most reported leisure activity. The Ancient Greek term for "having no leisure" is: A. Hedonia B. Ascholia ✅ C. Gymnasion D. Agora Correct Answer: B. Ascholia Rationale: Ascholia refers to a lack of leisure or free time. The generation born during the Depression and WWII is called the: A. Greatest Generation B. Baby Boomers C. Gen X D. Silent Generation ✅ Correct Answer: D. Silent Generation Rationale: This generation values duty and sacrifice. The Lifespan Developmental Perspective states: A. Leisure is static across ages B. Leisure is only for the young C. Human development is multidimensional and cultural ✅ D. Leisure is unrelated to biology Correct Answer: C. Human development is multidimensional and cultural Rationale: This theory emphasizes lifelong leisure’s impact. To compete in Senior Games, you must be at least: A. 45 B. 50 ✅ C. 55 D. 60 Correct Answer: B. 50 Rationale: Age 50 is the typical threshold for senior sports. In life course perspective, the idea that lives are interconnected is: A. Cohort effect B. Linked lives ✅
C. Socialization ✅ D. Programming Correct Answer: C. Socialization Rationale: Socialization teaches norms and behaviors through leisure. The movement advocating work-life balance by reducing overscheduling is: A. Work Reclaim Act B. Time Off Coalition C. Take Back Time ✅ D. Relaxation Revolution Correct Answer: C. Take Back Time Rationale: This is a real campaign to reclaim personal time from overwork Recreation for people with disabilities is provided in three different ways. Which of the following delivery systems has been used to assist clients to become self-sufficient, increase self-esteem, improve functional states, and learn social skills
- Ans - Therapeutic Recreation/ Recreation Therapy To compete in Senior Games, you must be at least: A. 45 B. 50 C. 55 D. 60 Correct Answer: B. 50 Rationale: The Senior Games typically require participants to be at least 50 years old to qualify, reflecting the senior age demographic. How changes shape a person's long-term growth and development is known as: A. Microdevelopment B. Developmental trajectory C. Chronosystem D. Evolutionary cycle Correct Answer: C. Chronosystem Rationale: According to Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, the chronosystem includes the dimension of time, accounting for life transitions and historical events that influence development. Leisure serves as a maintenance function in this stage of life: A. Childhood B. Adolescence C. Middle adulthood D. Late adulthood Correct Answer: C. Middle adulthood
Rationale: In middle adulthood, leisure plays a key role in maintaining physical health, mental well-being, and social relationships during a phase characterized by increased responsibility and stress. When parents introduce children to organized sports and other types of family leisure, we say that children are being: A. Socialized B. Coached C. Educated D. Conditioned Correct Answer: A. Socialized Rationale: Leisure socialization refers to the process by which individuals, especially children, learn leisure values, skills, and behaviors, often through family or cultural influences. This 1990 Act disallows discrimination and ensures equal opportunity for persons with disabilities in leisure services, employment, commercial facilities, and transportation: A. Equal Access Act B. Civil Rights Act C. Americans with Disabilities Act D. Rehabilitation Act Correct Answer: C. Americans with Disabilities Act Rationale: The ADA is a comprehensive civil rights law prohibiting discrimination based on disability, including in areas such as recreation and public accommodations. Contact theory suggests that the best way to increase cooperation and relations between persons who have visible differences or experience conflict is to: A. Offer financial incentives B. Enforce strict rules C. Create a place for personal interaction D. Separate groups to avoid conflict Correct Answer: C. Create a place for personal interaction Rationale: Contact theory posits that under appropriate conditions, interpersonal contact is one of the most effective ways to reduce prejudice between majority and minority group members. Documentaries are the only kind of movies and TV shows that have influential social messages: A. True B. False Correct Answer: B. False Rationale: While documentaries are known for social messaging, many fictional films and TV shows also convey powerful cultural and social themes.
Concerns for urban sprawl and the availability of open space led the way for this subindustry of the leisure service industry: A. Therapeutic Recreation B. Commercial Recreation C. Outdoor and Resource-based Recreation D. Sports Management Correct Answer: C. Outdoor and Resource-based Recreation Rationale: This sector emphasizes preserving natural spaces for leisure and recreation amidst growing urban development. This is the fastest growing segment of the leisure service industry: A. Public Parks and Recreation B. Tourism and Commercial Recreation C. Volunteer Services D. Therapeutic Recreation Correct Answer: B. Tourism and Commercial Recreation Rationale: The rapid global growth of travel, entertainment, and private recreation services has made this the fastest expanding sector. This civilization popularized the notion of leisure as spectacle—"bread and circuses"— where people were fed loaves of bread and gladiators fought to the death: A. Greeks B. Egyptians C. Romans D. Persians Correct Answer: C. Romans Rationale: The Roman Empire used leisure spectacles to entertain and pacify the masses, illustrating leisure as public performance and political tool. The ancient Greek term "schole" means public games: A. True B. False Correct Answer: B. False Rationale: "Schole" refers to leisure time used for learning and philosophical pursuits, not public games. The term associated with games would be more aligned with "agon." The supervision and regulation of high-risk activities falls under which of the following functions? A. Promoting culture and arts B. Encouraging community participation C. Promoting health and safety D. Generating economic impact Correct Answer: C. Promoting health and safety Rationale: Oversight of potentially dangerous activities ensures safety and welfare, which is a core part of public health and safety responsibilities.
The Federal Government fulfills various roles and responsibilities. Which of the following is not one of those roles or responsibilities? A. Funding national recreation areas B. Providing military recreation services C. Administration of federally mandated state parks D. Land and natural resource conservation Correct Answer: C. Administration of federally mandated state parks Rationale: State parks are administered by state governments, not federally mandated or run directly by the federal government. The four major benefits of the modern leisure-service system are: A. Cultural, legislative, political, structural B. Economic, social and community, environmental, personal values C. Emotional, academic, political, social D. Spiritual, medical, environmental, athletic Correct Answer: B. Economic, social and community, environmental, personal values Rationale: These four categories capture the diverse and multifaceted benefits of organized leisure services to individuals and society. All of the following, except for ___, is a major element in the modern leisure-service system: A. Nonprofit organizations B. Commercial agencies C. Public agencies D. Military institutions Correct Answer: D. Military institutions Rationale: While the military offers recreation, it is not considered a primary sector in the leisure-service system, which is composed mainly of public, nonprofit, and commercial agencies. Which of the following is not a federal agency involved in land management? A. Bureau of Land Management B. U.S. Forest Service C. National Park Service D. U.S. Immigration Service Correct Answer: D. U.S. Immigration Service Rationale: The U.S. Immigration Service deals with immigration enforcement and services, not land management. Commercial recreation agencies are primarily distinguished by: A. Cultural influence B. The use of volunteers
Clinical therapeutic recreation primarily focuses on: A. Teaching sports B. Helping with long term, day-to-day function C. Hosting recreation events D. Managing tourism Correct Answer: B. Helping with long term, day-to-day function Rationale: It involves using recreational activities as treatment to support daily functioning, often in clinical or rehabilitation settings. Research dedicated to asking "why" just for the sake of asking is referred to as: A. Applied research B. Exploratory research C. Evaluation research D. Basic research Correct Answer: D. Basic research Rationale: Basic research is conducted to increase fundamental understanding, without necessarily seeking immediate practical outcomes. Qualitative research can be very expensive because researchers require responses from large numbers of people or until there is saturation of the data. A. True B. False Correct Answer: A. True Rationale: Saturation in qualitative studies often demands significant time and resources, making them potentially costly. Quantitative research is based on a numerical approach to data collection and analysis. A. True B. False Correct Answer: A. True Rationale: Quantitative methods emphasize measurable data analyzed using statistical techniques. When time and resources are limited, qualitative data is faster to collect and easier to analyze. A. True B. False Correct Answer: B. False Rationale: Qualitative research is time-intensive due to in-depth data collection and complex analysis. Research encompassing the experience of social groups along with interactions between bio-social systems is referred to as:
A. Psychological research B. Social science research C. Experimental research D. Behavioral analytics Correct Answer: B. Social science research Rationale: This type of research studies human behavior and social structures, including how biological and social factors interact. Reliability vs. Validity: Results of a study are considered to be reliable when researchers determine that the data collected are related to the exact phenomena under study. A. True B. False Correct Answer: B. False Rationale: That is actually the definition of validity. Reliability means the consistency of the results, not their relevance to the concept. Which of the following is a theory developed specifically by the leisure field? A. Conflict Theory B. Flow Theory C. Evidence-Based Benefits D. Operant Conditioning Correct Answer: C. Evidence-Based Benefits Rationale: This theory emerged within leisure studies to demonstrate the measurable positive outcomes of leisure participation. Leisure studies is informed by which of the following social-science fields? A. Sociology B. Psychology C. Economics D. All of the above Correct Answer: D. All of the above Rationale: Leisure studies draws upon multiple disciplines to understand human behavior, motivation, and the societal role of leisure. Leisure studies is considered an academic discipline with its own unique knowledge base. A. True B. False Correct Answer: A. True Rationale: Over time, leisure studies has evolved into a recognized field with distinct theoretical frameworks, methods, and applications. Which of the following is a type of qualitative data collection? A. Behavioral observations
This perspective argues that there is no work or leisure but life itself. - ANSWER If we want to enhance the relationship between work and leisure, we should do all of the following, except: - ANSWER Today's Americans' strong beliefs in values related to work ethic, productivity, the importance of being busy, and seeing leisure time left over, are most strongly related to which time period in the history of Western Civilization? - ANSWER If we find that our preference for work is driven by the ability to satisfy needs for autonomy, competence, and interpersonal relatedness, we can safely state that this preference is a result of ____________________________. - ANSWER This perspective states that there is no real relationship between work and leisure because these two domains are not necessarily related to each other. - ANSWER Researchers Juliet Shor and Godbey & Robinson agree that: - ANSWER __________________________ refers to the pursuit and acquisition of material goods. This practice is theorized as a means for demonstrating one's wealth. - ANSWER ________________________________ explains situations where our leisure resembles our work. In other words, our work experiences carry over into the non-work arena. - ANSWER A person functioning from this viewpoint works in order to make money to meet needs and wants. - ANSWER The view of the relationship between work and leisure which states that work and leisure are both rewarding and satisfying human endeavors is called the: - ANSWER Which of the following philosophers suggested "we live not for the past or the future, but for the present moment. We will always be measured by our conduct in the present."? - ANSWER Augustine Someone who is biased towards viewing the present in light of a generally unhappy/negative view of the past is considered to hold which perspective? - ANSWER past-negative Protracted duration refers to when:
- ANSWER Time seems to pass slowly
The concept of time famine suggests that we have insufficient time to get work done. - ANSWER False In terms of time-deepening, going to a drive thru restaurant is an example of: - ANSWER Speed up Someone who is biased to think about the present in light of a helpless attitude towards life related to an external locus of control is considered to hold which perspective? - ANSWER Present-fatalistic Time laxity refers to when:
- ANSWER There is a lot of time with minimal challenging tasks According to an article in American Health magazine in 1988, what free time activity can lead to better "living"?
- ANSWER Multitasking (WRONG) In terms of time-deepening, eating a liquid breakfast is an example of:
- ANSWER Substitute Compressed time refers to when:
- ANSWER Time seems to speed by Trends are often dependent on the tastes of the youth. Why?
- ANSWER Pop culture includes all of the following except what? - ANSWER A short-lived, wildly popular phenomenon is considered: - ANSWER In biocultural evolution, variation refers to: - ANSWER In biocultural evolution, transmission refers to: - ANSWER Negative correlations have been found between TV viewing and: - ANSWER According to Pew Research Center, what percent of millennials get their news from facebook? - ANSWER The pastimes or leisure activities of lower social or economic classes of people is referred to as: - ANSWER In biocultural evolution, selection refers to: - ANSWER
