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RCLS 2601 Final Exam QUESTIONS
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Women's leisure and day-to-day activities are examples that would be used in what type of research? A. Applied Research B. Basic Research ✅ C. Evaluation Research D. Experimental Research Rationale: Basic research explores fundamental concepts without aiming for immediate practical use—like studying everyday behaviors. "Research that addresses specific issues or seeks to understand a specific problem" refers to: A. Basic Research B. Evaluation Research C. Applied Research ✅ D. Theoretical Research Rationale: Applied research focuses on solving real-world problems. Market Research, Program Evaluation, and the Efficacy of an Intervention are examples of: A. Basic Research B. Experimental Research C. Theoretical Research D. Applied Research ✅ Rationale: These are practical research activities targeting real-world applications. "Type of applied research that researches the quality of performance of programs": A. Action Research B. Evaluation Research ✅ C. Case Study D. Ethnographic Research
Rationale: Evaluation research measures the effectiveness or performance of programs. ServQual is an example of what type of research? A. Basic Research B. Experimental Research C. Evaluation Research ✅ D. Action Research Rationale: ServQual assesses service quality, fitting evaluation research. What asks, "Do we get the same answer every time?" A. Validity B. Credibility C. Reliability ✅ D. Replicability Rationale: Reliability is about consistency of results. What asks, "Is it the correct answer?" A. Validity ✅ B. Objectivity C. Reliability D. Generalizability Rationale: Validity addresses the accuracy or truth of the result. According to Nash’s Pyramid, the "worst kind of activities" are: A. Time-consuming ones B. Activities with no benefit C. Activities that harm others and society ✅ D. Solitary activities Rationale: Nash ranked harmful activities as the lowest form of leisure. Hammurabi’s Code, Nash’s Pyramid, and the Curtis Scale are examples of: A. Legal doctrines B. Leisure models C. Moral codes ✅ D. Sociological theories Rationale: These represent systems of ethical or moral reasoning. Which is a moral code over 3,000 years old? A. Nash’s Pyramid B. Hammurabi’s Code ✅
Ways that Smart Growth can help people include: A. Urban sprawl B. Increase driving C. Walkability, Decreased Obesity, Sense of Place ✅ D. More highways Rationale: Smart growth promotes healthy, connected, and sustainable communities. Engaging in activity that is not wholesome and not considered recreation is part of: A. Taboo Recreation B. Deviant Culture C. Dark Side of Leisure ✅ D. Illegitimate Recreation Rationale: This term refers to unwholesome or socially harmful leisure activities. Sports, movies, and music are examples of: A. Popular trends B. Mass entertainment C. Leisure as a Change Agent ✅ D. Passive leisure Rationale: These can be used to shift societal attitudes. Positive correlations (+) of TV viewing include: A. Fitness and Health B. Learning and Social Interaction C. Violence and Cardiovascular Risk ✅ D. Creativity and Intelligence Rationale: Excessive TV viewing is linked with aggression and health issues. Negative correlations (-) of TV viewing include: A. Sleep and Focus B. Fitness Levels and Cognitive Development of Children ✅ C. Screen Time and Memory D. Mood and Vision Rationale: TV overuse is linked with reduced fitness and poor child development. "Activities and entertainment that are appealing to a wide range of people in a society": A. Mass Media B. Pop Culture ✅ C. High Culture
D. Urban Culture Rationale: Pop culture is widely consumed across society. Over what percent of our free time is spent on pop culture? A. 10% B. 50% C. 25% ✅ D. 70% Rationale: Studies suggest at least 25% of our time is pop culture-related. "Smaller groups with specific needs and wants": A. Common Culture B. Global Markets C. Niche Markets ✅ D. Peer Groups Rationale: Niche markets serve specific demographics. "Everyone sharing the same culture and being connected through sharing": A. Folk Culture B. Common Culture ✅ C. Worldview D. Mass Society Rationale: Common culture refers to widely shared societal norms. Pop culture is a mirror that reflects the ______ and ______ of society: A. Media; Trends B. Beliefs; Traditions C. Values; Beliefs ✅ D. Needs; Desires Rationale: Pop culture reveals what society prioritizes and believes in. Typical pastimes of the elite are referred to as: A. Pop Culture B. Folk Culture C. High Culture ✅ D. Elite Entertainment Rationale: High culture includes elite art forms like ballet or opera. Local pastimes shared through oral traditions are called: A. Pop Culture B. Mass Media
B. Transmission ✅ C. Inheritance D. Imitation Rationale: Transmission spreads cultural elements generationally. Cultural phenomena that remain relevant are usually: A. Entertaining B. Traditional C. Pleasurable ✅ D. Rare Rationale: Cultural items that bring pleasure are more likely to persist. Process of retaining, rejecting, and adding cultural elements over time: A. Globalization B. Biocultural Transfer C. Cultural Evolution ✅ D. Cultural Lag Rationale: This describes the dynamic adaptation of culture. Memes can be transferred through which institutions? A. Schools, Religions, Governments ✅ B. Clubs, Media, Family C. Social Media, TV, Books D. Only oral tradition Rationale: Institutions play key roles in cultural transmission. Freedom fries and the Pledge of Allegiance are examples of what stage? A. Variation B. Cultural Resistance C. Transmission ✅ D. Popularization Rationale: These represent established cultural elements passed down. Trends depend heavily on the tastes of the: A. Elders B. Politicians C. Youth ✅ D. Teachers Rationale: Young people often drive new cultural trends.
Space-time compression refers to: A. Environmental decline B. Faster movement and communication ✅ C. Population shifts D. Urban decay Rationale: This term reflects shrinking distances due to tech advancements. A "sense of place" is: A. A legal term B. Feeling associated with a location ✅ C. A city policy D. Cultural heritage site Rationale: People emotionally associate meaning with specific places. "Emotional bond between person and place" is called: A. Sense of Place B. Spatial Attachment C. Place Attachment ✅ D. Territoriality Rationale: Place attachment reflects personal emotional connection to location. "A place as a source of identity and affiliation" is: A. Place Value B. Cultural Site C. Place Identity ✅ D. Homeland Rationale: Place identity influences self-concept and belonging. "A regular informal meeting spot that fosters happiness" is called: A. First Place B. Leisure Spot C. Third Place ✅ D. Group Zone Rationale: Third places are essential for social interaction and bonding. Subjective and negative judgment about number of people in a space is: A. Overcrowding B. Claustrophobia C. Crowding ✅ D. Space Conflict Rationale: Crowding is a psychological perception, not just a number.
D. Cultural Deviance Rationale: Illegitimate deviance is threatening or criminal. The three pillars of the Triple Bottom Line are: A. Policy, Politics, People B. Environment, Economy, Society ✅ C. Health, Wealth, Power D. Culture, Education, Infrastructure Rationale: These are the core pillars of sustainability. Is Smart Growth possible? A. No B. Yes ✅ C. Only in cities D. Rarely Rationale: Strategic planning makes smart growth achievable. "The best way to improve group relations is personal interaction" is the foundation of: A. Social Categorization B. Social Learning Theory C. Conflict Theory ✅ D. Structural Functionalism Rationale: Conflict Theory emphasizes resolving group differences via contact. We create in-groups and out-groups through: A. Personal choice B. Random selection C. Social Categorization Theory ✅ D. Social Status Rationale: This theory explains group dynamics and division. In-group refers to: A. Outsiders B. Tourists C. Traditional participants in activities ✅ D. Newcomers Rationale: In-groups are dominant or majority participants. Out-group refers to: A. Mainstream participants
B. Groups challenging traditions ✅ C. Club members D. Casual observers Rationale: Out-groups differ from or threaten existing norms. Groups like women, LGBTQ, and people of color have used what for advocacy? A. Sports B. Voting C. Leisure as a Change Agent ✅ D. Mass Media Rationale: Leisure has been used to advance inclusion and equity. Photo analysis, focus groups, and document studies are examples of: A. Quantitative Research B. Qualitative Research ✅ C. Experimental Research D. Statistical Analysis Rationale: These are non-numerical, exploratory research methods. Research that's easy to analyze but hard to interpret: A. Qualitative B. Quantitative ✅ C. Experimental D. Correlational Rationale: Numbers are clear but may lack contextual meaning. Precise questions are most often used in: A. Qualitative Research B. Ethnographic Research C. Quantitative Research ✅ D. Phenomenological Research Rationale: Quantitative research uses structured formats. Quantitative research is associated with ______, qualitative with ______: A. Emotions; Numbers B. Numbers; Non-numerical Data ✅ C. Feelings; Charts D. Charts; Stories Rationale: Quantitative = measurable data; Qualitative = descriptive data.
"type of vandalism that occurs because there is no legitimate access" A. Conflict B. Malicious C. Slovenly D. No Other Way To Do It Correct Answer: D. No Other Way To Do It Rationale: This type refers to vandalism that occurs because individuals feel there is no acceptable alternative—like breaking a fence to retrieve a ball. "type of vandalism that is personal and is usually due to a disagreement" A. Malicious B. Conflict C. Slovenly D. No Other Way To Do It Correct Answer: B. Conflict Rationale: Conflict vandalism is motivated by personal or group disputes that are expressed through damaging property. "type of vandalism that is worst and is done on purpose to damage things" A. Malicious B. Slovenly C. Conflict D. No Other Way To Do It Correct Answer: A. Malicious Rationale: Malicious vandalism involves intentional destruction with the aim to harm or cause damage, making it the most severe form. Why do people vandalize? A. Because it’s fun B. To express creativity C. Boredom, anger, revenge, recognition D. Because it is legal Correct Answer: C. Boredom, anger, revenge, recognition Rationale: These are common psychological and emotional drivers behind acts of vandalism. Graffiti, using foul language, and pranks are examples of what? A. Creative expression B. Deviant leisure C. Taboo recreation D. Malicious behavior Correct Answer: C. Taboo recreation Rationale: These are activities often viewed as taboo or socially unacceptable forms of leisure. What are the TWO types of deviance? A. Social and political
B. Individual and cultural C. Legitimate and Illegitimate D. Temporary and permanent Correct Answer: C. Legitimate and Illegitimate Rationale: Legitimate deviance is socially tolerated due to cultural norms or beliefs, while illegitimate deviance is rejected and often dangerous. What are the FOUR key values of leisure? A. Fun, Freedom, Fame, Fitness B. Family, Fortune, Freedom, Fitness C. Fun, Freedom, Fulfillment, Fitness D. Fame, Fashion, Fulfillment, Focus Correct Answer: C. Fun, Freedom, Fulfillment, Fitness Rationale: These four F’s summarize the intrinsic values associated with leisure activities. What are the FOUR major issues of concern in leisure studies? A. Violence, safety, addiction, politics B. Inclusion, accessibility, diversity, equity C. Budgeting, ethics, religion, sustainability D. Race, religion, culture, economy Correct Answer: B. Inclusion, accessibility, diversity, equity Rationale: These concepts guide equitable leisure programming and access for all populations. What does ADA stand for? A. Americans with Disabilities Act B. American Department of Athletics C. Association for Disability Awareness D. Active Development Association Correct Answer: A. Americans with Disabilities Act Rationale: ADA is a landmark civil rights law that prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in all areas of public life. Leisure is a human __________. A. Want B. Privilege C. Right D. Luxury Correct Answer: C. Right Rationale: Leisure is increasingly recognized as a basic human right tied to quality of life and well-being. The ADA was passed in what year? A. 1975 B. 1985 C. 1990
Correct Answer: A. All new construction must be accessible Rationale: The ADA requires that new buildings and facilities be constructed to be fully accessible to individuals with disabilities. Which of the following is NOT one of the four key values of leisure? A. Fitness B. Freedom C. Finance D. Fun Correct Answer: C. Finance Rationale: The four key values of leisure are Fun, Freedom, Fulfillment, and Fitness. Finance is not considered a core value. What is the purpose of Title IX in relation to leisure and sports? A. To improve funding for men’s athletics B. To provide tax benefits to recreational facilities C. To ensure equality in federally funded programs, including sports and education D. To promote professional athletes Correct Answer: C. To ensure equality in federally funded programs, including sports and education Rationale: Title IX is a civil rights law that mandates equal access and treatment in education and sports programs regardless of gender Defacing property and graffiti are examples of what type of vandalism?
- ANSWER Malicious "moral code that provides guidance on good and bad recreation activities"
- ANSWER NASH'S PYRAMID "research for the sake of understanding and expanding knowledge on a specific subject"
- ANSWER BASIC RESEARCH Littering is an EXAMPLE of what type of vandalism? - ANSWER Slovenly Sitting on a fence because there is no bench is an EXAMPLE of what type of vandalism? - ANSWER NO OTHER WAY TO DO IT "type of vandalism that's associated with 'doing something logical or natural regardless of the intent of the facility's design'" - ANSWER CONFLICT Social trails are an example of what type of vandalism? - ANSWER Conflict "type of vandalism that is usually due to someone feeling mistreated" - ANSWER MALICIOUS Sleep deprived people have a harder time remebering positive ideas and an easier time remembering negative ideas - Ans - True
Men, by a large, are slightly happier than women - Ans - False According to Shawn Achor, which neurochemical both makes people happy and turns on the learning centers in the human brain? - Ans - Dopamin The thalamus is responsible for happiness and positive memories - Ans - False Which image represents a resting brain? - Ans - The left (blue and green pic) Serious leisure is the pursuit of deep satisfaction through amateur, hobbyist, or volunteer activity that interesting that, in the typical case, they launch themselves on a (non-work) career centered on acquiring and knowledge an experience - Ans - True Studies show that the bigger issue is pace of life, because most of the free time comes during the week, but is in small incremeners which doesn't allow a person to undertake more satisfying uses of leisure - Ans - True Happier people are more productive - Ans - True Time, activity, and state of mind can assist us in defining ________ - Ans - Leisure Leisure is where social capital is formed - Ans - True According to the video, The National Parks America's Best Idea, it is illegal to shoot the game in national parks. - Ans - True Conservation is the protection of natural resources from human damage - Ans - False Without wise management many leisure expressions will be lost due to the demise of leisure space and space resources - Ans - True Crowding in leisure places is in part determined by the personal characteristics fo the visitors - Ans - True The high line was threatened to be demolished - Ans - True Sustainable tourism attempts to control visitation to tourist sites in order to conserve the natural integrity of the sites - Ans - True Place attachment in leisure can be motivated by: - Ans - Place identity
The number one reason children drop out of youth sports is because they do not exhibit the skills needed to excel - Ans - False Often athletes resort to violence in hopes of intimidating opponents thus receiving a competitive advantage - Ans - True The most common form of vandalism are the ones usually considered the most recreational, such as - Ans - self expression vandalism and thrill vandalism Leisure is simply one of the most positive and wholesome aspects of contemporary life - Ans - True Formal deviance - Ans - is bheavior that violates such cultural norms as laws The National Alliance for Youth Sports is an organization that monitors children athletes
- Ans - True According to the video Struggling on Youth Sports: three things every parent should as their youth sports league; 90% of our youth would rather loose and get to play than "warm the bench" - Ans - True Positive economic benefits from leisure include - Ans - all of the choices listed The cyclical life plan organizes schooling, work, and leisure into a linear path that remains constant across the life span - Ans - False Research shows that it's not a good idea to schedule what you do with your time - Ans - False Research shows that 2.5 to 4 hours after waking is when your brain is sharpest - Ans - True The desire and ability to purchase leisure goods and services is decreasing as modern economies suffer more recessions - Ans - False According to a study discussed in the re-imagining work video, what percentage of Americans are unhappy with their work? - Ans - 50% 97% 71% (probs this one) Conusumption - Ans - is an excpected characteristic of mature economies and is itself a favorite pastime in mature economies none of the choices listed all of the choices listed (wrong answer)
of leisure goods and services is directly related to the personal satisfaction obtained from leisure Accorinding to the required reading, you should check you email each morning to become a high achiever - Ans - False Based on the amount of paid annual leave and paid public holiday standards we can conclude that cultures such as the United States contain biases toward "long hour jobs"
- Ans - True Workaholism - Ans - is unhealthy Luckily for us, men and women approach time identically - Ans - False We tend to be at our cognitive best in the early morning (as soon as we awaken) - Ans - False There is no legal reason why any country cannot declare itself to be in whatever time zone it likes - Ans - True Time is the most equally distributed of all our society's resources. We all get exactly the same amount of hours a day to do as we choose - Ans - True According to your text, many studies have demonstrated that when we live according to our circadian clock, we feel better - Ans - True Time used for leisure is shaped by - Ans - All of the choices listed According to the power point slides, cyclical time is: - Ans - All of the choices listed Your circadian rhythms have an affect on the following: - Ans - All of the choices listed There is a concept called Miller time discussed in your chapter - Ans - True For wealthier cultures: - Ans - typically a time famine exists Private leisure organizations are defined as those providing recreation opportunities for:
- Ans - Their members An example of a private leisure service agency is military recreation - Ans - False One of the primary goals of the recreational therapy profession is to measure outcomes in evidenced based practice - Ans - True
