Download PPN 201 Midterm questions well answered already passed graded A+-50.docx and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
passed graded A+
- Sociopolitical
knowing
- Empirical
Know- ing: Science of Nursing
- The importance of
personal knowl- edge
- individualist lens
Requires the nurse to consider the context of care -The nurse must examine the "taken for granted" assumptions -The nurse must consider the culture of the client and family-their understand- ing of health, disease, language, and identity -Ex. social determinants of health, the context of the client facts and observations relevant to nursing. Analysis and theories that attempt to explain the purpose of nursing. -We select the sources of knowledge to attend to and use -All knowledge is filtered through our personal frameworks of values and beliefs -Self-knowledge is part of the process of "reflexivity"; this knowledge herpes us move beyond selective self-interests -Ex. How do I see this? What do I think about this? How are my beliefs similar or ditterent?
- Relational lens assumes that human understanding and behavior arise from our
interactions with other people, especially people in close relationships
- What is
relational inquiry? Relational inquiry is a highly reasoned, skilled action that involves
- A relational orientation
- A thorough and sound knowledge base
passed graded A+
- Skills-observational and
analytical
- Strong clinical skills-
clinical judgement, decision-making and clinical compe- tencies
- Particular ways of being
- a relational orientation
- inquiring action
passed graded A+
- The
Interpersonal lens -What questions might you ask yourself as you care for this young woman? -What do you find yourself wanting to know more about? -What biases/assumptions are you drawing upon as you read this case? -What do you think the head nurse is thinking? Valuing? -What do you think the young woman is feelings? thinking?
passed graded A+
- The
contextual lens
- Challenges to Car-
ing
- How do you convey unconditional positive regard? What challenges you
if you are unable to do this?
- Who are clients supports? Within the hospital? External to the
Hospital? How is your personal context shaping your perceptions?
- Adams (2016) suggested that caring is no longer CENTRAL to nursing
in a technologically dominated setting
- Suggests that caring as a construct in nursing is facing opposition
despite involving trust, intimacy and responsibility
- Threats to caring 1. technological advances, increased workload, and higher acuity patients may
challenge "time" to spend caring
- emphasis on medical model more about the disease then the patient
- Florence nightin-
gale, leininger and rogers aruges... that caring is essence of nursing their theories/philosophies
- Watson argues... for the inclusion of caring into the nursing metaparadigm
- Lazenby
(2013) suggets...
- Watsons Caring Science
passed graded A+
- A Theoretical
Framework: Wat- son's Human Car- ing Model
- Watson-10 Cura-
tive Factors: 1. and soul of the other through the processes of caring and healing and being in authentic relation in the moment" Dr. Jean Watson originally created Caring Science and Human Caring Theory in the 1970s.
- Caring science embraces the whole person; focuses on the unity
of mind/body/spirit
- It is a "model of caring includes a call for both art and science"
Grounded in concern, kindness and empathy "Starting point and an attitude that becomes a will, an intention, a commitment The information of and conscious judgement that manifests itself in concrete acts of caring" a humanistic-altru- isic system of val- ues
- Watson-
Cura- tive Factors:
- The instillation
of faith-hope
- Watson-
Cura- tive Factors: "Hope comes when patients know that others care and have hope for them" Hope provides meaning to life and reason for living "By being sensitive to others' feelings, nurses show empathy, compassion, and understanding." An awareness that what happens to one attects the other and
- The culivation of this awareness transfers into actions
sensitivity to ones
passed graded A+
self and to other
- Watson-
Cura- tive Factors:
- The develop-
ment of a helping trust relationship "To develop a helping-trusting relationship, the nurse must first know the client person"
passed graded A+
Acceptance of positive and negative feelings "Nurses use knowledge from the attective, cognitive and psychomotor domains. Creativity involves generating fresh ideas, originality and independent thought rather than realaying on learned ways to solve problems" Exemplar- Sensation information Exemplar- Milieu therapy Exemplar- Purposeful touch
passed graded A+
- Assisstance with
the grafitication of human needs
- Watson-
Cura- tive Factors:
- Allowing
for existential- phe- nomenologi- cal-spiritual dimensions of caring Exemplar-sensitivity to client's culture, religious beliefs
- Bramley & Matiti's- the way in which we relate to human beings. It can be nurtured and
supported. Compassion
- bramley and
mati- ti's findings on compassion it involves noticing another persons vulnerability, experiencing an emotional reaction to this and acting in some way with them, in a way that is meaningful for people"
- What is compassion: knowing me and giving me your time
- Understanding the impact of compassion: how it feels in my shoes
- Being more compassionate: communication and the essence of nursing
- What is compas- Patients described compassion as a caring attitude toward them as
individuals. sion
passed graded A+
- Being more
Compassionate Compassion was considered essential for building a strong patient-nurse rela- tionship. Patients had varying opinions on whether compassion could be taught or was an inherent quality. Some believed that compassion could be taught and learned, while others thought it was a trait that individuals possessed naturally. The role of culture within nursing and the influence of organizational culture on compassionate behavior were also discussed. Ettective communication was universally recognized as a critical component of compassion.
- Caring VS Compas- Compassion care is more than witnessing suttering; it is about entering into
the sion patients experience and maintaining their dignity and independence
- Medical Care Act an Act passed by Parliament in 1966 that provided free access to physician
services for Canadians
- Principles of the
Canada Health Act (1984)
- Canadian health
care does not ap- ply to....
- Public Administration
- Comprehensiveness
- Universality
- Portability
- Accessibility
-health promotion/health education -extended health care services (nursing homes, adult residential care) -supplementary care services (chiropractic, physiotherapy, dental services)
passed graded A+
- Disease refers to the pathophysiology of the condition
- Illness refers to the human experience of symptoms and suttering and how the disease
is perceived
- Acute vs
Chronic Illness Acute illness- sudden onset, resolved fairly quickly recovery and resumption of pre-illness activities
passed graded A+
is shaped by the disease
- patients describe their health as
good or excellent despite significant impaired physical functioning. That view was not a distortion of reality but a revisioning of what was possible and normal
- and the body is objectified in
place on a distance altering the relationship between mine and body so that the body is separate and "out there"
- people gain this perspective by
learning as much as they can about the
passed graded A+
- shifting from
well- ness to illness in the foreground
- shifting from ill-
ness to wellness in the foreground disease, creating supportive environments, developing personal skills such as negotiating, identifying the bodies unique patterns of response, and sharing their knowledge of the disease with others
- Major factor is threat to control
- Threats to control are personally defined, and may be seen by observers
as unworthy of attention.
- threats to control: lack of skill to manage the disease, disease related stigma,
hopelessness, disease progression
- any threat to control that exceeds the persons threshold of tolerance will
cause a shift in perspective from wellness to illness in the foreground "I had to become self-centred in order to control my condition"
- self-help groups can accentuate the sickness focus because they may
require that the person focus on the sickness to participate in group discussions
- one woman with rheumatoid arthritis was forced to hide her illness
because of her employers discomfort with her disability this situation caused her to abandon appropriate mobility aids and her resultant fatigue increased her focus on the illness The return to a wellness in the foreground perspective from the focus on sickness has been referred to by researchers as "bouncing back" with renewed hope and optimism. Can be gradual or sudden awareness. Returning to a wellness in the foreground perspective requires that the person recognizes that a shift an illness-in-the-foreground perspective has occurred, identify a need to return to the wellness perspective, and
passed graded A+
Significant other or a person with the same disease was often a major influence on people with chronic illness to make a shift towards a wellness perspective
- Paradoxes of living 1. Although one may live with wellness-in-the-foreground, and sickness is
with chronic illness distant, the illness requires attention in order NOT to pay attention to it (the person must recognize the disease as a fact of life while at the same time rejecting the limitations and significance of it) (people with chronic illness, have to plan and anticipate even minor activities of daily life, spontaneity must be curtailed so they can participate in the experience of the value.)
- People who find meaning, hope, and quality of life by maintaining
well- ness-in-the-foreground may have to assume an illness-in- foreground (ex. one must justify the need for home care by focussing on one's limitations, symp- toms, and disability, not one's wellness.)
- Illness in the foreground is self-absorbing, may alienate others (people
who attend to their illness in an absorbed way may be regarded as hypochondriacs. In an ettort to mediate that other may avoid discussing the illness. Consequently people may perceive that they lost the support of others and as a result the powerlessness and suttering of the illness experience are reinforced.)
- ambrosio 5
attrib- utes of living well with a chronic ill- ness (cyclic not lin- ear)
- ambrosio 5 attrib- utes: acceptance
- ambrosio 5 attrib- utes: Coping
passed graded A+
- acceptance
- coping
- self management
- integration
- adjustment
aware that they have a ci, aware of changes ci brings, ready to cope with changes, no more feeling of denial or anger willing to make changes and reaching out to healthcare professionals to actively seek help and implementing those changes, emotion and problem-focused
