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PPN 102-week 6 Global Health questions with verified answers already passed-10.docx, Exams of Nursing

PPN 102-week 6 Global Health questions with verified answers already passed-10.docx

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PPN 102-week 6 Global Health questions with
verified answers already passed
1.
The
1984
World
Health
Or-
"The extent to which an individual or a group is able to realize
aspira-
ganization expanded
and
updated its
definition of Health as
tions
and
satisfy
needs,
and
to
change
or
cope
with
the
environment. Health
is
a
resource
for
everyday
life,
not
the
objective
of
living;
it
is
a
positive
concept
emphasizing
social
and
personal
resources
as
well
as physical capabilities"
2. Health promotion
is the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to
improve, their health. To reach a state of complete physical
mental and social wellbeing, an individual or group must be able
to identify and to realize aspirations, to satisfy needs, and to
change or cope with the environment. Health is, therefore, seen
as a resource for everyday life, not the objective of living. Health
is a positive concept empha- sizing social and personal
resources, as well as physical capacities. Therefore, health
promotion is not just the responsibility of the health sector but
goes beyond healthy lifestyles to wellbeing.
3. Primary prevention
activities protect against a disease before signs and symptoms
occur
4. Secondary prevention
.
activities promote early detection of disease so that prompt
treatment
can be initiated to halt disease and limit disability
5. Tertiary prevention
activities are initiated during the recovery stage of disease and
are
directed towards minimizing disability and helping people to live
productively with limitations.
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  1. The 1984 World Health Or- "The extent to which an individual or a group is able to realize aspira- ganization expanded and updated its definition of Health as tions and satisfy needs, and to change or cope with the environment. Health is a resource for everyday life, not the objective of living; it is a positive concept emphasizing social and personal resources as well as physical capabilities"
  2. Health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health. To reach a state of complete physical mental and social wellbeing, an individual or group must be able to identify and to realize aspirations, to satisfy needs, and to change or cope with the environment. Health is, therefore, seen as a resource for everyday life, not the objective of living. Health is a positive concept empha- sizing social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities. Therefore, health promotion is not just the responsibility of the health sector but goes beyond healthy lifestyles to wellbeing.
  3. Primary prevention activities protect against a disease before signs and symptoms occur
  4. Secondary prevention. activities promote early detection of disease so that prompt treatment can be initiated to halt disease and limit disability
  5. Tertiary prevention activities are initiated during the recovery stage of disease and are directed towards minimizing disability and helping people to live productively with limitations.

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  1. primary prevention exam- ple encouraging excerise and healthy eating to prevent individuals from becoming over weight
  2. Lalonde Report (1974) The first government report to suggest that health care services were not the most important determinant of health. After reviewing the evidence, the report suggested that there were four "health fields" that needed to be considered: 1.Lifestyle

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people responsible for the activities of promoting health.

  1. Medical Model which represents a stability orientation to health, dominated Western thinking for most of the twentieth century. It emphasizes that medical intervention restores health. Health problems are defined primarily

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as physiological risk factors—physiologically defined characteristics that are precursors to or risk factors for disease.

  1. Behavioral Model •- 1970's Progressing from medical focus to understand what con- tributed to health and illness.
    •1974 Lalonde Report - shifted emphasis from medical à behaviour- al
    • Defined health determinants ( 4 Health Fields) as lifestyle, environ- ment, human biology and organization of health care.
    • Focus on lifestyle behaviours that contributed to chronic disease
    • Aim to decrease the behavioural risk factors (smoking, lack of exer- cise, diet)
    • Responsibility is on the individual to adapt to health- enhancing behaviours
  2. Socio-Environmental Ap- proach 1980's - health and social structures are linked
  3. Medical Approach exam- ples
    1. Behavioural Approach ex- amples

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  1. Socio-environmental ex- amples
  2. refer to a specific group of social and economic factors within the broad- er determinants of health. These relate to an individ- ual's place in society, such as income, education or employment. Experiences of discrimination, racism and historical trauma are important social determi- nants of health for cer- tain groups such as In- digenous Peoples, LGBTQ and Black Canadians.

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u S u b s t a n c e abuse uLack of life skills uPoverty uUnemployment uIsolation uPollution uStressors uHazardous living/ working conditions

  • Social determinants of health
  1. The social determinants of • which people are born, grow, live, work and age. health are the conditions in
  2. The social determinants of health These circum- stances are shaped by the
  • distribution of money, power and resources at global, national and local levels.

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between countries (WHO)

  1. Income and Social Status
  2. Social Support Networks
  3. Education
  4. Employment and Working Conditions
  5. Physical Environment
  6. Biology & Genetic Endowment
  7. Personal Health Practices & Coping skills
  8. Healthy Child Development
  9. Health Services
  10. Gender
  11. Culture
  12. Social Environment
  • WHO Commission on Social Determinants of Health, 2007, iden- tified 3 overarching recommendations to reduce health inequities nationally and globally:
  1. Improve daily living conditions
  2. Tackle the unequal distribution of power, money and resources.
  3. Measure and understand the problem and assess the results of action
    • to maintain the health status of groups or communities, and to reduce inequalities between groups or within groups.
    • Determinants of health are factors attecting, influencing and having an impact upon population health.

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  1. Assumptions of a popula- tion health approach
  2. Most Urgent health chal- lenges from 2020 - World Health Organization
    • Assessing a group or community's health status, data are collected to evaluate the ettect of these determinants.
    1. Health is a resource for everyday living.
    2. The determinants of health are key, complex and interrelated.
    3. The focus is upstream.
    4. Health is the business of all.
    5. Evidence guides decision making.
    6. Accountability is increased.
    7. Management of health issues is horizontal.
    8. Involves multiple strategies, settings, systems and sectors.
  3. global health Focuses on issues that directly or indirectly attect health but that can transcend national boundaries
  4. international health Focuses on health issues of countries other than one's own, especially those of low and middle income
  5. public health Focuses on issues that attect the health of the population of a partic- ular community or country