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PPL WRITTEN EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS UPDATED (202 5 /202 6 )
(VERIFIED ANSWERS)
The presence of ice pellets at the surface is evidence that there - ANS ✓is a temperature inversion with freezing rain at a higher altitude One in-flight condition necessary for structural icing to form is - ANS ✓Visible moisture A temperature inversion most likely would result in what weather condition - ANS ✓An increase in temperature as altitude is increased The most frequent type of ground/surface based temp inversion is that which is produced by - ANS ✓Terrestrial radiation on a clear, relatively still night Which weather conditions should be expected beneath a low-level temperature inversion layer when the relative humidity is high? - ANS ✓Smooth air, poor viz, fog, haze, or low clouds What feature is associated with a temperature inversion? - ANS ✓A stable layer of air A pilot can expect a wind shear zone in a temp inversion whenever the windspeed at 2,000-4,000 ft AGL is at least - ANS ✓25 knots
What type of fog depend upon wind in order to exist? - ANS ✓Advection and upslope fog Low-level turbulence can occur and icing can become hazardous in which type of fog? - ANS ✓Steam fog What clouds have the greatest turbulence? - ANS ✓Cumulonimbus The conditions necessary for the formation of cumulonimbus clouds are a lifting action and - ANS ✓unstable, moist air What conditions are necessary for the formation of thunderstorms? - ANS ✓High humidity, lifting force, and unstable conditions A non-frontal, narrow band of active thunderstorms that often develop ahead of a cold front are called a - ANS ✓Squall line If there is thunderstorm activity in the vicinity of an airport at which you plan to land, which hazardous atmospheric phenomenon might be expected on the landing approach? - ANS ✓Wind-shear turbulence Cumulonimbus mama clouds are associated with - ANS ✓Violent thunderstorms and tornadoes To determine the freezing level and areas of probable icing aloft, the pilot should refer to the - ANS ✓Inflight Aviation Weather Advisories What is indicated when a current CONVECTIVE SIGMET forecasts thunderstorms? - ANS ✓Thunderstorms obscured by a massive cloud layer
Bernoulli's Principle - ANS ✓Air traveling faster over the curved upper surface of an airfoil causes lower pressure on the top surface Angle of Attack is the angle between - ANS ✓The chord line and relative wind The angle of attack at which an airplane wing stalls will; If altitude is increased the indicated altitude at which the airplane stalls will - ANS ✓Remain the same regardless of weight; Remain the same regardless of altitude In what flight condition must and aircraft be placed in order to spin? - ANS ✓Both wings must be stalled How will frost on the wings of an airplane affect takeoff performance? - ANS ✓Disrupt the smooth flow of air over the wing, adversely affecting is lifting capability How does frost affect the lifting surfaces of an airplane on takeoff? - ANS ✓Frost may prevent the airplane from becoming airborne at normal takeoff speed One of the main functions of flaps during approach and landing is to - ANS ✓Increase the angle of descent w/o increasing the airspeed An airplane said to be inherently stable will - ANS ✓Require less effort to control What determines the longitudinal stability of an airplane? - ANS ✓The location of the CG w respect to the center of lift Loading an airplane to the most aft CG will cause the airplane to be - ANS ✓Less stable at all speeds
What force makes an airplane turn? - ANS ✓The horizontal component of lift The amount of excess load that can be imposed on the wing of an airplane depends upon the - ANS ✓Speed of the plane Which basic flight maneuver increases the load factor on an airplane as compared to straight-and-level flight? - ANS ✓Turns During an approach to a stall, an increased load factor will cause the airplane to - ANS ✓Stall at a higher airspeed If an airplane weighs 2,300 lbs. what approximate weight would the airplane be required to support during a 60 deg turn while maintaining altitude - ANS ✓Total Lift= Load Factor x Total Weight Total Lift= 2 (found on graph) x 2,300 = 4, In what flight conditions is torque effect the greatest in a single-engine airplane? - ANS ✓Low airspeed, high power, high angle of attack The left turning tendency of an airplane caused by P-factor is the result of the - ANS ✓Propeller blade descending on the right producing more thrust than the ascending blade to the left When does P-factor cause the airplane to yaw to the left? - ANS ✓When at high angles of attack What would provide the greater gain in altitude in the shortest distance during climb after takeoff - ANS ✓Vx
Where may an aircrafts operating limitations be found if the aircraft has an Experimental or light-sport airworthiness certificate? - ANS ✓Attached to the airworthiness certificate The numbers 9 and 26 on a runway mean - ANS ✓The runway is oriented approximately 090 and 260 degrees magnetic Except when necessary for takeoff and landing an aircraft may not be operated closer than what distance from any person, vessel, vehicle, or structure - ANS ✓500 feet On the calculator side of the flight computer, time is always found on which scale? - ANS ✓Inner scale and far inner scale Magnetic course is course referenced to magnetic north - ANS ✓Course referenced to magnetic north When should pilots state their position on the airport when calling the tower for takeoff? - ANS ✓When departing from a runway intersection Under which condition may a pilot fly under VFR within 60 NM of the DCA VOR in Washington DC - ANS ✓As long as the pilot has completed Special Awareness Training and remains clear of the SFRA If a plane is purchased that has been operating with a Dealership Certificate of Registration, how long is the registration good for after purchase? - ANS ✓Must be immediately registered by the new owner What would decrease the stability of an air mass? - ANS ✓Warming from below
What cloud types would indicate convective turbulence? - ANS ✓Towering cumulus clouds Steady precipitation preceding a front is an indication of - ANS ✓Stratiform clouds with little or no turbulence Which conditions result in the formation of frost? - ANS ✓The temperature of the collecting surface is at or below the dewpoint of the adjacent air and the dewpoint is below freezing. Vne - ANS ✓Never-exceed speed (red radial line on airspeed indicator), maximum speed at which the airplane can be operated in smooth air What color identifies the power-off stalling speed in a specific configuration? - ANS ✓Lower limit of the green arc What color identifies the power-off stalling speed w wing flaps and landing gear in the landing configuration? - ANS ✓Lower limit of the white arc Wingtip vortices are created only when an aircraft is - ANS ✓Developing lift The greatest vortex strength occurs when the generating aircraft is - ANS ✓Heavy, clean (flaps up), and slow The condition that requires the maximum caution when avoiding wake turbulence on landing is a - ANS ✓Light, quartering tailwind as it can hold an upwind vortex over a runway How does the wake turbulence vortex circulate around each wingtip? - ANS ✓Outward, upward, and around each tip
Under what condition is indicated altitude the same as true altitude - ANS ✓When at sea level under standard conditions When switching the altimeter from 29.15 to 29.85, what change occurs? - ANS ✓700 ft increase in indicated altitude (at lower altitudes, 1 inch change in barometric pressure= approximately 1,000 ft in altitude so... 1,000 x .7 = 700 ft increase) How do variations in temp affect the altimeter? - ANS ✓Pressure levels are raised on warm days and the indicated altitude is lower than true altitude Under what condition will true altitude e lower than indicated altitude? - ANS ✓In colder than standard air temperature What is an advantage of an altitude indicator that is displayed digitally - ANS ✓The horizon line extends all the way to the edges of the PFD The Air Data Computer (ADC) - ANS ✓Combines data from the pitot-static sensors and temp sensors When are the indicators of a magnetic compass accurate? - ANS ✓Only in straight-and-level unaccelerated flight In the Northern Hemisphere, a magnetic compass. will normally indicate a turn toward the north if - ANS ✓An aircraft is accelerated while on an East or West heading ANDS- Accelerate North, Decelerate South Acceleration and deceleration errors do not occur on what headings? - ANS ✓North and South
In the Northern Hemisphere, a magnetic compass will normally indicate a turn toward the West if - ANS ✓A right turn is entered from a North heading In the Northern Hemisphere, a magnetic compass will normally indicate a turn toward the East if - ANS ✓A left turn is entered from a North heading What should be the indication on the magnetic compass as you roll into a standard rate turn to the right from a South heading in the Northern Hemisphere - ANS ✓The compass will indicate a turn to the right, but at a faster rate than is actually occurring No person may take off or land an aircraft under basic VFR at an airport that lies within Class D airspace unless the - ANS ✓Surface visibility is 3 miles or greater and the ceiling is 1000 ft An airport's rotating beacon operated during daylight hours indicates - ANS ✓The weather at the airport located at Class D is below basic VFR weather mins A special VFR clearance authorizes the pilot of an aircraft to operate VFR while within Class B,C,D, and E airspace when the visibility is - ANS ✓At least 1 sm and you can remain clear of clouds What are the minimum requirements for pilots operating under Special VFR clearance in Class B,C,D, and E at night - ANS ✓The pilot must be instrument rated and the airplane must be IFR equipped SVFR not authorized for fixed-wing aircraft when the sectional says - ANS ✓"NO SVFR" above airport box What ATC facility should the pilot contact to receive a special VFR departure clearance in Class D airspace? - ANS ✓The Air Traffic Control Tower
What minimum pilot certification is required for operation within Class B airspace? - ANS ✓Private pilot certificate or student pilot certificate with appropriate logbook endorsements What minimum radio equipment is required for VFR operation within Class B airspace? - ANS ✓ 2 - way radio communications equipment, a 4096 transponder, and a Mode C encoding altimeter An operable 4096 code transponder with an encoding altimeter is required in which airspace? - ANS ✓Class B airspace and within 30 miles of the Class B primary airport With certain exceptions, all aircraft within 30 miles of a Class B primary airport from the surface upward to 10,000 feet MSL must be equipped with
- ANS ✓An operable transponder having either Mode S or 4096-code capabilities w Mode C automatic altitude reporting capabilities The width of a Federal Airway from either side of the centerline is - ANS ✓ 4 NM Unless otherwise specified, Federal Airways include Class E Airspace upward from - ANS ✓1200 AGL up to but not including 17,999 MSL What hazards to aircraft may exist in restricted areas? - ANS ✓Unusual, often invisible, hazards such as aerial gunnery or guided missiles Under what conditions may pilots fly through a restricted area? - ANS ✓With the controlling agency's authorization Where can you find info about restricted airspace? - ANS ✓On the sectional chart in the special use airspace area
What hazards to aircraft may exist in restricted airspace areas such as Devils Lake East MOA? - ANS ✓MOA stands for Military Operations Area so you can expect military training activities that necessitate acrobatic or abrupt flight maneuvers Do you need clearance to fly through an MOA under VFR? - ANS ✓Unlike other restricted areas, you do not need clearance to enter an MOA, however, you should exercise extreme action when military procedures are being conducted Responsibility for collision avoidance within an alert area rests with - ANS ✓All pilots The purpose of military training routes, charted as VFR military training routes (VR) and IFR military training routes (IR) is to - ANS ✓Allow the military to conduct high-speed, low altitude training and and ensure the greatest level of safety for all flight operations What type of military flight operations should a pilot expect along IR 644? - ANS ✓IFR training flights above 1500 AGL at speeds above 250 knots 3 digit codes indicate that it will be above 1500 AGL, 4 digit codes indicate that it will be below 1500 AGL One of the reasons for issuing a temporary flight restriction (TFR) is to - ANS ✓Protect public figures such as the President or VP What is the minimum altitude to fly over a National Wildlife Refugee? - ANS ✓2000 AGL Under what conditions may a pilot fly under VFR within 60 NM of the DCA VOR in Washington, D.C.? - ANS ✓As long as the pilot has completed special awareness training and remains clear of the Special Flight Rules Area (SFRA)
elevators from the propeller slipstream is reduced and elevator effectiveness is reduced Density altitude - ANS ✓The pressure altitude corrected for nonstandard temperature. Pressure altitude - ANS ✓The altitude indicated when the barometric pressure scale is set to 29. Under what condition is indicated altitude the same as true altitude? - ANS ✓When at sea level under standard conditions At what condition is pressure altitude and density altitude the same value?
- ANS ✓At standard temperature Under what condition will pressure altitude be equal to true altitude? - ANS ✓When standard atmospheric conditions exist How do variations in temperature affect the altimeter? - ANS ✓Pressure levels are raised on warm days and the indicated altitude is lower than true altitude The proper adjustment to make on the attitude indicator during level flight is to align the - ANS ✓Miniature airplane to the horizon bar An aircraft equipped with an EFD can - ANS ✓Offer new capabilities and simplify the basic flying task You are flying in a plane equipped with an electronic flight display and the air data computer fails. What instrument is affected? - ANS ✓Airspeed indicator
If the engine oil temperature and cylinder head temperature gauges have exceeded their normal operating range, the pilot may have been operating with - ANS ✓Too much power and with the mixture set too lean What action can a pilot take to aid in cooling an engine that is overheating during a climb? - ANS ✓Reduce the rate of climb and increase airspeed A precaution for the operation of an engine equipped with a constant-speed propellor is to - ANS ✓Avoid high manifold pressure settings with low RPM The presence of carburetor ice in an aircraft equipped with a fixed pitch propellor can be verified by applying carb heat and noting a - ANS ✓Decrease in RPM then gradual increase in RPM Generally speaking, the use of carb heat tends to - ANS ✓Decrease engine performance Applying carb heat will - ANS ✓Enrichen the fuel/air mixture If a pilot suspects that the engine (with a fixed-pitch propeller) is detonating during climb-out after takeoff, the initial corrective action to take would be to - ANS ✓Lower the nose slightly to increase airspeed If the grade of fuel used in an aircraft engine is lower than specified for the engine, it will most likely cause - ANS ✓Detonation Which would most likely cause the cylinder head temperature and engine oil temperature gauges to exceed their normal operating ranges? - ANS ✓Using fuel that has a lower than specified fuel rating Are runway numbers given in true or magnetic heading? - ANS ✓Magnetic
Wingtip vortices created by large aircraft tend to - ANS ✓Sink below the aircraft generating turbulence With winds reported at 4 knots from 300 you are departing from 30 and an airliner is departing from 35L right before you. What should you expect? - ANS ✓The winds will push the vortices in your flight path Eye movements during daytime collision avoidance scanning should - ANS ✓Not exceed 10 degrees and view each sector at least 1 second What procedure is recommended when climbing or descending VFR on an airway - ANS ✓Execute gentle banks let and right for continuos visual scanning of the airspace If instructed by ground control to taxi to Runway 9, the pilot may proceed - ANS ✓To the next intersecting runway whee further clearance is required ATIS is the continuous broadcast of recorded information concerning - ANS ✓Noncontrol info to reduce frequency congestion Absence of the sky condition and visibility on an ATIS broadcast indicates that - ANS ✓The ceiling is at least 5,000 ft and visibility is 5 miles or more When should pilots state their position on the airport when calling the tower for takeoff? - ANS ✓When departing from a runway intersection Which initial action should a pilot take prior to entering Class C airspace? - ANS ✓Contact approach control on the appropriate frequency Two-way radio communication must be established with the Air Traffic Control facility having jurisdiction over the area prior to entering which class airspace? - ANS ✓Class C
What minimum flight visibility is required for VFR flight operations on an airway below 10,000 feet MSL? - ANS ✓3 miles The minimum distance from clouds required for VFR operations on an airway below 10,000 MSL is - ANS ✓500 ft below, 1,000 ft above, and 2,000 ft horizontal distance A Special VFR clearance authorizes the pilot of an aircraft to operate VFR while within Class D airspace when the visibility is - ANS ✓At least 1 mile and the aircraft can remain clear of clouds To operate in class C and B an aircraft was have - ANS ✓1. Two-way radio communications equipment
- A 4096-code transponder
- An encoding altimeter TRSA Service in the terminal radar program provides - ANS ✓Sequencing and separation for participating VFR aircraft The correct method of stating 10,500 feet MSL to ACT is - ANS ✓One Zero Thousand, Five Hundred ATC advises, "traffic 12 o'clock," this advisory is relative to your - ANS ✓Ground track While on final approach for landing, an alternating green and red light followed by a flashing red light is received from the control tower. Under these circumstances, the pilot should - ANS ✓Exercise extreme caution (alternating red and green) and abandon the approach, realizing the airport is unsafe for landing (flashing red)
