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PBSI 208 - Exam 3 TAMU questions
with verified answers graded A+
the caste system is so deeply ingrained in American society that it reaches far into the: - correct answer ✔✔political, social, economic, and cultural aspects of everyday American life Wilkerson notes that since the 1970s: - correct answer ✔✔white men have believed themselves to occupy a more precarious position, and they have fallen back on racism to explain their new circumstances and increasingly turned away from the democratic party black people are threatened with police violence when they appear in settings or spaces where:
- correct answer ✔✔white people do not believe they belong dominant group status threat - correct answer ✔✔sensing the success of an outgroup, the dominant group begins to feel threatened and indeed despairing. in conditions of rapid demographic or cultural change, previously dominant social groups often experience a "fear of falling" social status and treatment are not the only factors of a person's life affected by the caste system, even the physical aspects such as: - correct answer ✔✔physical health and lifespan are also affected wilkerson describes a demographic study from 2015 detailing: - correct answer ✔✔rising death rates among middle-aged white men at a time when death rates among all other demographics were going down white americans are afflicted by the so-called "___", which are: - correct answer ✔✔"deaths of despair", which are deaths brought about by suicide, drug overdose, or alcohol abuse
the cause of these kinds of deaths are attributable to instances when: - correct answer ✔✔members of the "superior caste" lose their supreme status in society through varying means these kind of demographic changes can cause insecurity in the dominant caste: - correct answer ✔✔born of a sense that the outgroup is doing too well and therefore is a viable threat to one's own dominant group status according to a university of pennsylvania political scientist, "unlike the usual social prejudice faced by black americans daily, another kind of prejudice that blacks experience is born from the: - correct answer ✔✔perception of whites where the "outgroup" (blacks) are doing too well
- better than the whites this sense of despair is how white americans who have largely relied on their own skin color to feel better about themselves compared to others start to feel: - correct answer ✔✔disillusioned about society and their overall place in the hierarchy working-class whites, who had always depended on the racial hierarchy to confirm their superiority, found themselves: - correct answer ✔✔in a more economically precarious position as union labor declined and wages stagnated beginning in the 1970s this insecurity reached its peak in 2008, as: - correct answer ✔✔white americans grappled with the economic recession at a time when one man from the lower caste was rising to the highest station in the land poor white americans had: - correct answer ✔✔nothing to hold onto but their complexion, as a sort of consolation that at the very least, they were born into a higher caste when african americans start asserting their rights and independence: - correct answer ✔✔the members of the upper caste cannot help but feel threatened and demoted
unconscious biases are often formed by our: - correct answer ✔✔experiences and socialization and they can influence our behavior without us even realizing it according to harvard sociologist david r. williams, by the time most americans reach adulthood, they will have experienced: - correct answer ✔✔a great degree of exposure to a culture that sends negative feedback about african americans and they grow to eventually possess an unconscious bias against african americans it is so pervasive that not only do: - correct answer ✔✔80 percent of white americans hold an unconscious bias against black americans, a third of black americans hold an anti-black bias against themselves known as the self hate phenomenon these automatic responses contribute to: - correct answer ✔✔disparities in hiring, housing, education, and medical treatment for the lowest-caste people compared to their dominant- caste counterparts and as with other aspects of the caste system, often go against logic ___ having a criminal record does not prevent them from getting hired more frequently than ___ with college degrees and no such record - correct answer ✔✔whites; blacks the contemporary opioid crisis impacts: - correct answer ✔✔white americans in higher numbers because doctors are more willing to provide pain medication to this group white individuals are willing to: - correct answer ✔✔die of whiteness as the title of one popular book indicates rather than expand programs like medicaid that they perceive as benefitting the underserving white people are so acclimated to their unconscious biases that they do not consider how: - correct answer ✔✔solidarity across castes would improve their own situations, as with medicaid expansion and adequate policy to respond to the opioid crisis
emotional attachment to caste if facilitated by ignorance of its manifestations: - correct answer ✔✔access to social safety nets and home ownership is not part of the white understanding of what racism is the hebrews of old used to have a ritual involving: - correct answer ✔✔two goats where one is exiled into the wilderness for the supposed sins of the others that goat, which has been called the scapegoat has become an overt sign of a person who faces the consequences for the sins of today's society: - correct answer ✔✔he is a representation of everything bad about society a similar dynamic exists in caste systems: - correct answer ✔✔the lowest caste performed the unwitting role of diverting society's attention from its structural ills and taking the blame for collective misfortune lynching served this function in the modern US after the civil war, when: - correct answer ✔✔confederates blamed the people they had once owned for the loss of the war ... lynchings served as a form of ritual human sacrifice before audiences sometimes in thousands wilkerson notes that it is equally apparent in the modern legal system, as "thousands of african americans are behind bars for having been in possession of a substance that businessmen in the dominant caste are now converting wealth in the ___ and ___ industry." - correct answer ✔✔marijuana and CBD whites were united in their perception of black people as the: - correct answer ✔✔societal scapegoat, blaming the latter for crime, economic downtowns, and stagnant careers across the country
range driving through the majority-black neighborhood of roxbury. the pregnant woman died, and the infant only lived 17 days the husband said that their attacker was a: - correct answer ✔✔black man wilkerson notes that while the husband bears the most responsibility: - correct answer ✔✔the caste system was his unwitting accomplice as he knew that people would see the scapegoat caste as singularly capable of any depravity, and would deflect any suspicion away from him wilkerson argues that these dynamics make for a society that is less safe as they allow: - correct answer ✔✔cultural norms of innocence to contradict the evidence wilkerson wonders whether the wife might still be alive were it not for the: - correct answer ✔✔caste system wilkerson uses the 2018 series of package bombs in austin, texas to illustrate how: - correct answer ✔✔the american caste system treats those on its lower rung as expendable rather than treating threats to them as a universal problem a wolf pack consists of a leader, the alpha wolf, and the rest of the pack as the alpha's loyal followers. the wolf in the lowest rung of the hierarchy is the omega. the existence and position of the omega are often considered to be the: - correct answer ✔✔glue holding the pack's societal strings together, and when the omega dies, the pack's hierarchy collapses because no wolf is willing to take the place of the lost omega this confident leadership is lacking in the popular understanding of alpha canines and wolves because our ideas are based on large groupings of wolves placed into captivity: - correct answer ✔✔pack social cohesion is also dependent on the presence of an omega at the bottom of the hierarchy
similar to the artificiality of wolf pack behavior in captivity, most humans are assigned their social position on the basis of: - correct answer ✔✔having been born to the dominant caste or the dominant gender or to the right family within the dominant caste wilkerson posits that this creates struggles for all parties as those: - correct answer ✔✔who are ill-suited to lead find themselves in such roles anyway, and those in lower castes must watch those with less skill be promoted above them most importantly, however, is the: - correct answer ✔✔tragedy for humankind, which is deprived of the benefit of natural alphas who might lead the world with the compassion and courage that are the hallmarks of a born leader wilkerson writes that it is already hard enough to accept that society, the country, and the world see you as a threat, it is even hard when you become: - correct answer ✔✔a parent faced with the responsibility of teaching your child this cruel fact of life name of the boy who at 12 years old was shot by police for playing with a toy gun in 2014 although ohio is an open carry state - correct answer ✔✔tamir rice white americans live their lives every day as if there is nothing to worry about when carrying toy guns, but: - correct answer ✔✔african americans have to exert extra efforts to conduct themselves in a way that society deems acceptable and non-threatening, because of deep- seated prejudices against them that have entangled the country for centuries deeper lesson father in oakland was teaching his son by deciding to not meet the child's demand for juice: - correct answer ✔✔one day he would no longer be an adorable little toddler but would be a black teenager or grown man and respecting authority, following the rules, could mean his very life
wilkerson notes that while it may seem surprising, the greatest instability in caste systems is caused by success: - correct answer ✔✔achievement by marginalized people who step outside the roles expected of them puts things out of order and triggers primeval and often violent backlash in 1918 france, as american soldiers were disconcerted and enraged by french allies supporting and being friendly with black troops, wilkerson notes: - correct answer ✔✔they considered adherence to caste protocols to be as important as conducting the war itself two black officers, pvt. burton holmes and eddie sowers, were each nominated for the medal of honor in the conflict, but the recommendations were ignored and buried: - correct answer ✔✔lest the living begins to think themselves equal, get uppity, out of their place, and threaten the myths that the upper caste kept telling itself and the world this boundary was reinforced more violently in 1946, as ___, a soldier returning home to north carolina from georgia asked a bus driver to stop so he could relieve himself. he did not ask politely enough for the driver's satisfaction, so the police were called in SC, and he was blinded in the ensuing altercation and jailed. - correct answer ✔✔isaac woodard the NAACP and the federal government tried to intervene, but local authorities relied only on white testimony from the individuals involved in the attack. it came out that the veteran had said yes instead of yes sir to the police chief during the arrest. this, combined with the: - correct answer ✔✔elevated position his uniform conveyed was seen as reason enough for punishment in the caste system these kinds of atrocities occurred on a larger scale in the: - correct answer ✔✔1920s as more black people returned home from military service after WWI and moved north
there were a wave of anti-black protests in more than a dozen american cities from east st. louis to chicago to baltimore and the decimation of tulsa's black business sector known as: - correct answer ✔✔black wall street wilkerson notes that most of the stories in chapter 15 occurred because: - correct answer ✔✔black people stepped out of their assigned roles and triggered anxiety in the dominant caste in the 1890s, a prosperous grocery owner in tulsa was lynched along with two of his employees after one of his clerks broke up a fight between black and white children. the owner, thomas moss, was a friend of: - correct answer ✔✔ida b. wells, a prominent civil rights leader, and one of the founders of the national association for the advancement of colored people (NAACP) the death of thomas moss is what ida b. wells: - correct answer ✔✔prompted her lifelong mission to awaken the country to the terror of lynching throughout history, whites have consistently: - correct answer ✔✔attempted to fence black americans in a specific hierarchal location; they may succeed only with the permission and on the terms of whites, and they may only do so while sticking to their roles enforced debasement also extended to any acknowledgement of: - correct answer ✔✔intellectual and social contributions, especially of enslaved people in 1721, an enslaved man named ___ told the man who held him captive, cotton mather, about a practice that would prevent smallpox infection: people in west africa had discovered that they could fend off contagions by inoculating themselves with a specimen of fluid from an infected person which became common practice in massachusetts in subsequent decades - correct answer ✔✔onesimus onesimus remained in bondage until he purchased partial freedom, which wilkerson cites as proof that onesimus: - correct answer ✔✔does not appear to have reaped the rewards for a role that was beyond his station
basement begin rising to the floors above them, surveillance begins, thus caste can pit the basement-dwellers against themselves in a flooding basement, creating an illusion, a panic even, that their only competition is one another the conflict in a caste system is not exclusively inter-caste; sometimes: - correct answer ✔✔intra-caste people of color and white immigrants who come to america often try to emphasize: - correct answer ✔✔traits which they share in common with members of the dominant caste to curry favor from those above rather than emphasize their own distinguishable traits another example of this: - correct answer ✔✔a toxic tool of caste known as colorism, which rewards those who more closely resemble dominant caste individuals wilkerson finds this particularly tragic and disturbing because of the historical roots of the tool: - correct answer ✔✔the rape and sexual abuse of enslaved african women at the hands of their masters and of other men in the dominant caste over the centuries even as others in the lowest caste try to escape the basement, those left behind can tug at the ones trying to rise this phenomenon is called: - correct answer ✔✔crabs in a barrel they may resent those who try to: - correct answer ✔✔transcend their station or improve their working conditions, as some african americans did when they informed whites of slave rebellions this reaction may be driven by fear: - correct answer ✔✔a sense that the collective cannot afford the loss of any one member in addition, wilkerson notes that these dynamics encourage lower caste people to: - correct answer ✔✔punish those of their own caste who are seen as dangerous
black police officers were involved in the deaths of freddie gray and eric garner. wilkerson does not find this surprising, stating instead: - correct answer ✔✔the enforcers of caste come in every color, creed, and gender. one does not have to be in the dominant caste to do its bidding in 1933, two black anthropologists went to MS, where lynchings were common, knowing that their work would risk their lives. ___ was a young anthropologist with two degrees from harvard university and a wealth of experience abroad, but, once in MS, he could not in any way act like it
- correct answer ✔✔allison davis results of davis and natchez' findings were published in the book: - correct answer ✔✔deep south: a south anthropological study of caste and class which despite exposing the evils of the caste system in the south, was met with much criticism from the black community who perceived that the only way to move up is to uphold the current hierarchal structure, not dismantle it in the book, published in: - correct answer ✔✔1941, they described the intricate social rituals that maintained caste liberation and civil rights activists such as: - correct answer ✔✔stokely carmichael and martin luther king jr. went on to reach davis's work, though wilkerson notes that his contributions were nearly lost to history ___ was a former baseball player widely known for his fast pitches which traveled up to 103 mph. however, he was a black player, and as such, he was restricted by the caste system to merely pitching during batting practice for white players - correct answer ✔✔satchel paige by the time baseball was integrated and jackie robinson had signed with the brooklyn dodgers: - correct answer ✔✔satchel paige was already 40 and considered too old for the game
like white americans and upper-caste indians, the rally participants were gradually introduced to these ideas of inequality. repairing such systems is not merely a matter of "rooting out despots", instead there is a much more difficult task required: - correct answer ✔✔it is harder to focus on the danger of common will, the weaknesses of the human immune system, the ease with which the toxins can infect succeeding generations because it means the enemy, the threat, is not one man, it is us, all of us, lurking in humanity itself wilkerson establishes that the consequences of caste can be troubling even for those who benefit from it and that: - correct answer ✔✔distancing ourselves from the power structures of the past is not a real solution to future progress millions of germans celebrated hitler's successes, considering his public celebration to be a family affair, and few operated in total ignorance of his politics or their consequences. these consequences do not: - correct answer ✔✔disappear when the politicians who enable them are out of power and attendees of nazi rallies and american lynchings may be elderly now, but they still exist and still raised families of their own wilkerson notes that in caste systems, all images and discussions of the social ideal center on the: - correct answer ✔✔dominant caste, including our conceptions of "intellect" and "beauty" and the dominant caste is always visible in popular culture and presented as moral and hardworking she notes the dynamic seen in narcissistic families, where ___ can assume the role of favored children and native people are often ignored, while the rest serve as the scapegoat - correct answer ✔✔model minorities white people view their caste positions as: - correct answer ✔✔solace in a stressful world as they know that there is always a floor to the caste system they can never occupy
some psychoanalysts and social scientists have extended the concept of narcissism: - correct answer ✔✔extreme self-focus and self-centeredness to entire social groups, they internalize inflated ideas of their own perfection There is an inherent narcissism that goes with being placed in the upper echelons of the caste system as the members of this group have internalized the notion that they have inherent sovereignty and that they are the standard by which the concept of being human is measured thus: - correct answer ✔✔they have constantly consoled themselves with the thought that despite the troubles they encounter, at least they are not and can never be black, according to sociologist andrew hacker however, this mindset leads to fascism: - correct answer ✔✔an authoritarian and nationalistic right-wing system of government and social organization wilkerson frequently cites social theorist erich fromm, a german jew who fled the third reich for switzerland. from noted that: - correct answer ✔✔both poor white people and working-class germans clung to their racial identities as proof of their superiority and relied on a narcissistic leader with whom they could identify and whom they believed protected and represented their interests social theorist takamichi sakurai says that extreme narcissism follows: - correct answer ✔✔malignant narcissism, which in turn paves the way for fascism and extreme racism wilkerson notes that these narcissistic traits show up in: - correct answer ✔✔everyday life, including the tendency to deny shared social experiences across castes she also finds that these dynamics become legible to her when she is in a group of indian people, through body, language, accent, and sometimes skin tone. she explains that caste is, in a way, a ___: - correct answer ✔✔performance
their invisible codes of boundaries to understand possible threats and tools for their own survival wilkerson states that the ancient code for the subordinate caste calls upon them to see the world not with their own eyes, but as the dominant caste sees it, demands that they extend compassion even when none is forthcoming in exchange, a fusion of dominant and subordinate that brings to mind the: - correct answer ✔✔stockholm syndrome many people in the lower caste have to resort to ___ to maintain their sanity and ensure their survival, especially in a society that constantly prevents them from progressing in life, in addition to the many cases of abuse hurled at them - correct answer ✔✔internal defense mechanisms to prevent the lower caste members from feeling their subordination daily, they've: - correct answer ✔✔adjusted their own worldview to meet the expectations of their rulers these scripts of suffering followed by atonement help to reinforce the myth that: (white cop killing black guy in his own apartment bc she mistaken it for her own / black man thrown in jail for being late to jury duty) - correct answer ✔✔political suffering builds character later, it was found that the boy (who hugged police officer / police and racial reconciliation) devonte hart, had been systematically abused and tormented by his white foster family and that repeated warnings about his mistreatment and that of the other children were: - correct answer ✔✔ignored because of the caste status of the two women the charleston church shooting was committed by a 21 year old white supremacist, dylan roof, which led to the deaths of 9 african americans attending bible study. in these instances, the families of the victims almost: - correct answer ✔✔immediately forgave the unrepentant killers to underline the moral horrors of forgiveness narratives, wilkerson cites the author and essayist roxane gay, who argues that: - correct answer ✔✔white americans cling to narratives of
forgiveness, as they did after the 2015 charleston church massacre because doing so allows racism to be seen as merely the vestige of a painful past white americans do not recognize that such forgiveness is more often about survival and when they: - correct answer ✔✔demand forgiveness, as people did from a black 9 year old child who was falsely accused of assaulting a white woman in a deli, they are demanding a privilege not a right the act of forgiveness seems a silent clause in a: - correct answer ✔✔one-sided contract between the subordinate and the dominant as black people forgive because they need to survive the decades of violence and terror that african americans have been subjected to have not only maintained the long-standing hierarchy, it has also been ingrained deeply in the: - correct answer ✔✔psyche of those in the lower caste to the extent of near-normalization caste relies on: - correct answer ✔✔mechanisms of control and dehumanization and the control mechanisms include even the internal and emotional lives of the subordinate caste the insistence in america that black people perpetually forgive racism even when it costs lives is a: - correct answer ✔✔less direct control mechanism than physical violence but it is nevertheless staggeringly real wilkerson argues that this dynamic of segregation and fear of public aggression from those in the dominant caste proves: - correct answer ✔✔people who appear in places where they are not expected can become foot soldiers in the quest for respect and legitimacy in a fight they had hoped was long over the few members of the lower castes can be described as: - correct answer ✔✔shock troops on the borders of hierarchy seeking respect and legitimacy from those around them
