Download Patho NSG 533 Exam 3 (2025) Actual Exam Questions and Answers A+ Graded.pdf and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
Patho NSG 533 Exam 3 (2025) Actual
Exam Questions and Answers A+ Graded
Total .amount .of .sodium .in .the .body .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Responsible .for .ECF .volume Total .amount .of .water .in .the .body .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-responsible .for .extracellular .sodium .concentration ADH .secretion .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-initiated .by .a .change .in .plasma .osmolality .or .decreases .circulating .blood .volume/blood .pressure Osmoreceptors .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-changes .in .plasma .osmolality .stimulate .these .in .the .hypothalamus Serum .osmolality .is .calculated .as: .- .CORRECT .ANSWER- 2 .x .(sodium .concentration) .+ .(glucose .concentration/18) .+ .(BUN/2.8) osmolality .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-deterred .by .the .total .solute .concentration .in .a .fluid .compartment tonicity .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-ability .of .the .combined .effect .of .all .the .solutes .to .generate .an .osmotic .deriving .force .that .causes .water .movement .form .one .compartment .to .another effective .osmoles .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-solutes .capable .of .changing .the .tonicity; .e.g. .sodium, .glucose, .mannitol .and .sorbitol ineffective .osmoles .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-urea normal .body .fluid .osmolality .- .CORRECT .ANSWER- 280 - 294 .mOsm/kg hypertonic .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-volume .depletion .or .volume .excess .with .increased .osmolality Fluid .Volume .Deficit .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Hypovolemia, .water .deprivation .- .confusion, .coma, .inability .to .communicate, .loss .of .thirst, .water .loss .- .diarrhea, .diabetes .insipid, .excessive .diuresis. Clinical .manifestations .of .hypovolemia .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-dehydration .- .thirst, .headache, .dryness .of .skin, .decreased .urinary .output, .elevated .temp, .weight .loss, .rapid .heard .rate, .flattened .neck .veins, .weak .pulse
treatment .for .hypovolemia .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-give .water/stop .fluid .loss, .give .slowly, .If .IV .dextrose .5% .in .water. fluid .volume .excess .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-hypervolemia, .due .to .compulsive .water .drinking, .renal .failure, .congestive .heart .fails, .cirrhosis clinical .manifestations .of .hypervolemia .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-cerebral .edema .with .confusions .and .convulsions, .weakness, .nausea, .muscle .twitching, .headache .and .weight .gain treatment .for .hypervolemia .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-withhold .fluids .for. 24 .hrs .and .then .3% .sodium .chloride hypernatremia .causes .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-excessive .hypertonic .salt .solutions, .hyperaldoesteronism, .Cushing .syndrome, .loss .of .wate, .Na+ .level .> correction .of .hypernatremia .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-isotonic .salt-free .solution, .D .in .H hyponatremia .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-inadequate .sodium .intake .or .dilution .body's .sodium .level, .can .be .due .to .diuretics, .vomiting, .diarrhea, .GI .suctioning .or .burns, .NA .+ .level .< clinical .manifestations .of .hyponatremia .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-behavioral .and .neurologic .changes, .lethargy, .headache, .confusion, .apprehension, .seizures, .and .coma, .weight .gain, .edema, .JVD, .and .ascites hypokalemia .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-movement .of .potassium .into .the .cells, .potassium .loss .in .the .body, .K+ .level .<3. hypokalemia .causes .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-GI .- .diarrhea, .intestinal .drainage .tubes .fistulae, .laxatives, .diuretics, .aldosterone .secretion, .increased .distal .tubular .flow .rate, .low .plasma .magnesium hyperkalemia .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-shift .of .potassium .from .cells .to .ECF, .K+ .level .>4.5, .due .to .cell .trauma, .acidosis, .insulin .deficiency, .cell .hypoxia, .burns, .massive .crashing .injuring, .extensive .surgeries, .decreased .renal .excretion, .potassium .sparing .diuretics clinical .manifestations .of .hyperkalemia .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-muscle .weakness .or .paralysis, .arrthymias .- .tall .Ts, .prolonged .QTs clinical .manifestations .of .hypokalemia .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-neuromuscular .excitability .decreased .- .muscle .weakness, .muscle .atony, .constipations, .intestinal .intention, .anorexia, .vomiting, .paralytic .plus, .AV .block, .T .wave .decreased .- .U .wave, .ST .segment .depression
severity .of .respiratory .acidosis .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-for .every .change .in. 10 .in .PaCO 2 .the .pH .decreases .by .0.08 .or .0.03; .HCO3 .will .increase .by .1mEq .or .4mEq severity .of .respiratory .alkalosis .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-for .every .change .of. 10 .in .PaCO2 .the .pH .will .increase .by .0.08 .or .0.03; .HCO3 .will .decrease .by. 2 .mEq .or .5mEq Respiratory .Acidosis .Examples .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Due .to .Hypoventilation; .drug .overdose, .too .sedated, .COPD, .pneumonia Respiratory .Alkalosis .Examples .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Due .to .hyperventilation; .asthma .attack, .anxiety, .fever .hypoxemia Metabolic .acidosis .examples .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-bicarb .loss, .Kussmaul .respirators, .DKA Metabolic .alkalosis .examples .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-loss .of .acid .or .gain .of .bas, .NG .tube .suction Hypovolemic .hypernatremia .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-occurs .when .there .is .loss .of .body .sodium .accompanied .by .relative .grater .loss .of .body .water; .due .to .loop .diuretics, .osmotic .diuresis, .GI .losses, .and .kidney .failure Euvolemic .hypernatremia .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-most .common, .occurs .when .there .is .a .loss .of .free .water .with .a .near .normal .body .sodium, .due .to .inadequate .water .intake, .excessive .sweating, .fever, .burns, .diarrhea, .nephrogenic .diabetes hypovolemic .hypernatremia .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-increased .total .body .water, .and .greater .increase .in .total .body .sodium, .due .to .hypertonic .saline .solutions, .over .secretion .of .ACTH .or .adolesteron, .cushing .syndrome hypovolemic .hyponatremia .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-occurs .with .a .loss .of .total .body .fluid, .there .is .a .greater .loss .in .body .sodium, .prolonged .vomiting, .severe .diarrhea, euvolemic .hyponatremia .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-loss .of .sodium .without .significant .loss .of .water, .due .to .inadequate .sodium .intake, .use .of .diuretics dilution .hypotonic .hyponatremia .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-water .intoxication, .occurs .when .a .large .amount .of .free .water .which .dilutes .sodium; .due .to .tap .water .enemas, .drowning, .SSRI .use, .and .SIADH hypervolemic .hyponatremia .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-occurs .with .both .TBW .and .sodium .levels .are .increased, .due .to .congestive .heart .failure, .cirrhosis .of .liver, .and .nephrotic .syndrome, .edema .is .present
Relationship .of .insulin .and .K+ .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-contributes .due .to .the .Na+/K+ .ATPase .pump, .promoting .movement .of .K+ .into .the .liver .and .muscle .cells .with .glucose .transport; .too .much .insulin .can .put .a .patient .in .a .hypokalemic .state
