Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates
Ch. 29
CBJ Ch. 34 - 1
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Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates: Chordate Characteristics and Major Groups, Lecture notes of Biology
An outline of the major adaptations and characteristics associated with the origin and diversification of chordates, including the form and function of the major groups of chordates and the adaptive significance of their features in different environments. the chordate characteristics such as the notochord, dorsal nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, and muscular post-anal tail, and discusses the differences between cephalochordates (lancelets) and urochordates (tunicates).
Typology: Lecture notes
2016/2017
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Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates
Ch. 29
CBJ Ch. 34 - 1
2
Be able to:
- (^) Outline the major adaptations associated with the origin and diversification of the chordates.
- (^) Describe the form and function of the major groups of chordates.
- (^) Explain how the different vertebrate characteristics are adaptive for each group in their environments.
Characteristics of Chordates 4
Chordates: Chordate Phylogeny sister taxon to chordates basal chordates invertebrates^ invertebrates
Chordates
Chordate Characteristics Cephalochordata: Lancelets Urochordata: Tunicates (“sea squirts”)
Chordates: Chordate Characteristics
- (^) Chordate Characteristics
- (^) present in embryos; not always in adults
- (^) Notochord
- (^) flexible dorsal rod: endoskeleton works with muscles for locomotion
Chordates: Chordate Characteristics
- (^) Dorsal, hollow nerve cord
- (^) tube forms from fold of ectoderm dorsal to notochord CBJ Ch. 34 - 10 ectoderm^ ectoderm
Chordates: Chordate Characteristics
- (^) Dorsal, hollow nerve cord
- (^) tube forms from fold of ectoderm dorsal to notochord CBJ Ch. 34 - 11 hollow nerve cord hollow nerve cord hollow “ventricles” in brain hollow “ventricles” in brain
Chordates: Chordate Characteristics
- (^) Muscular, post-anal tail
- (^) multiple muscle segments
- (^) undulating locomotion CBJ Ch. 34 - 13 anus^ anus^ anusanus post-anal tail^ post-anal tail earthworm
Chordates: Cephalochordata
- (^) Cephalochordata: Lancelets
- (^) all key chordate features in adult
- (^) burrows tail-in & filter-feeds, cilia in pharynx creating currents CBJ Ch. 34 - 14
Chordates: Urochordata
- (^) Urochordata: Tunicates (“sea squirts”)
- (^) highly derived sessile adult: suspension-feeds with pharyngeal slits the tough tunic has cellulose the tough tunic has cellulose colonial tunicates^ colonial tunicates
Chordates: Urochordata
- (^) Urochordata: Tunicates (“sea squirts”)
- (^) highly derived sessile adult: suspension-feeds with pharyngeal slits CBJ Ch. 34 - 17 learn this anatomy What makes water flow into pharynx? What makes water flow into pharynx?