Docsity
Log inSign up
Docsity
Prepare for your exams
Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity

Earn points to download
Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan

Guidelines and tips
Guidelines and tips
Sell on Docsity
Sell on Docsity
Log inSign up

Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity

Find documents

Prepare for your exams with the study notes shared by other students like you on Docsity

Search Store documents

The best documents sold by students who completed their studies

Search through all study resources
Docsity AINEW

Summarize your documents, ask them questions, convert them into quizzes and concept maps

Explore questions

Clear up your doubts by reading the answers to questions asked by your fellow students

Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan

Share documents
download point icon20 Points

For each uploaded document

Answer questions
download point icon5 Points

For each given answer (max 1 per day)

All the ways to get free points
Get points immediately

Choose a premium plan with all the points you need

Study Opportunities

Choose your next study program

Get in touch with the best universities in the world. Search through thousands of universities and official partners

Community

Ask the community

Ask the community for help and clear up your study doubts

University Rankings

Discover the best universities in your country according to Docsity users

Free resources

Our save-the-student-ebooks!

Download our free guides on studying techniques, anxiety management strategies, and thesis advice from Docsity tutors

From our blog

Exams and Study
Go to the blog

NSG 533 Pulmonary (2025) Actual Exam Questions and Answers A+ Graded.pdf, Exams of Nursing

Hampton University (HU)Nursing

NSG 533 Pulmonary (2025) Actual Exam Questions and Answers A+ Graded.pdf

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 06/21/2025

to-highscore
to-highscore 🇺🇸

359 documents

1 / 5

Toggle sidebar

This page cannot be seen from the preview

Don't miss anything!

bg1
NSG 533 Pulmonary (2025) Actual Exam
Questions and Answers A+ Graded
Blood .Gas .values .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-pH: .7.35-7.45
PaO2: .80-100
PaCO2: .35-45
Ventilation .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-The .movement .of .air .in .and .out .of .lungs .- .a
.function .of .tidal .volume .and .respiratory .rate. .Analyze .PaCO2.
-Inversely .related .to .PaCO2 .-- .if .a .person .is .breathing .slowly .and .shallowly,
.PaCO2 .will .be .high.
Oxygenation .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-The .process .of .delivering .oxygen .to .the
.blood .by .diffusion .from .the .alveoli .following .inhalation .into .the .lungs.
- .Three .measures .to .analyze: .SaO2 .(95-100%), .PaO2 .(80-100), .and .hemoglobin
.(~ .15)
PaO2 .is .oxygen .available .to .tissues.
Work .of .breathing .- .Resistance .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-How .much .pressure .we
.need .to .generate .to .get .the .flow .in. .
- .If .we .clear .secretions, .maybe .don't .need .a .ventilator.
Work .of .breathing .- .Compliance .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-How .much .volume .do .we
.need .to .bring .in .to .inflate .the .alveoli.
-If .we .decrease .fluid .and .fix .pulmonary .edema, .maybe .we .don't .need .a
.ventilator.
-Compliance .is .the .opposite .of .elasticity. .A .thick .rubber .band .is .very .elastic .but
.has .low .compliance .(requires .more .pressure .to .inflate). .
-A .skinny .rubber .band .is .not .elastic .but .has .high .compliance .(easy .to .inflate).
Low .compliance .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Stiff .lung .(high .elastic .recoil): .thick
.balloon, .often .seen .in .fibrosis.
High .compliance .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Pliable .lung .(low .elastic .recoil): .grocery
.bag, .often .seen .in .emphysema.
A-a .gradient .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Measures .the .difference .between .the .oxygen
.concentration .in .the .alveoli .and .arterial .system.
pf3
pf4
pf5

Partial preview of the text

Download NSG 533 Pulmonary (2025) Actual Exam Questions and Answers A+ Graded.pdf and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!

NSG 533 Pulmonary (2025) Actual Exam

Questions and Answers A+ Graded

Blood .Gas .values .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-pH: .7.35-7. PaO2:. 80 - 100 PaCO2:. 35 - 45 Ventilation .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-The .movement .of .air .in .and .out .of .lungs .- .a .function .of .tidal .volume .and .respiratory .rate. .Analyze .PaCO2.

  • Inversely .related .to .PaCO2 .-- .if .a .person .is .breathing .slowly .and .shallowly, .PaCO2 .will .be .high. Oxygenation .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-The .process .of .delivering .oxygen .to .the .blood .by .diffusion .from .the .alveoli .following .inhalation .into .the .lungs.
  • .Three .measures .to .analyze: .SaO2 .(95-100%), .PaO2 .(80-100), .and .hemoglobin .(~ .15) PaO2 .is .oxygen .available .to .tissues. Work .of .breathing .- .Resistance .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-How .much .pressure .we .need .to .generate .to .get .the .flow .in..
  • .If .we .clear .secretions, .maybe .don't .need .a .ventilator. Work .of .breathing .- .Compliance .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-How .much .volume .do .we .need .to .bring .in .to .inflate .the .alveoli.
  • If .we .decrease .fluid .and .fix .pulmonary .edema, .maybe .we .don't .need .a .ventilator.
  • Compliance .is .the .opposite .of .elasticity. .A .thick .rubber .band .is .very .elastic .but .has .low .compliance .(requires .more .pressure .to .inflate)..
  • A .skinny .rubber .band .is .not .elastic .but .has .high .compliance .(easy .to .inflate). Low .compliance .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Stiff .lung .(high .elastic .recoil): .thick .balloon, .often .seen .in .fibrosis. High .compliance .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Pliable .lung .(low .elastic .recoil): .grocery .bag, .often .seen .in .emphysema. A-a .gradient .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Measures .the .difference .between .the .oxygen .concentration .in .the .alveoli .and .arterial .system.
  • Normal .is. 12 - 15 A=alveolar .oxygen a=arterial .oxygen Causes .of .hypoxemia .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Right-to-left .shunt, .hypoventilation, .low .inspired .O2 .tension, .diffusion .defect, .V/Q .mismatch Normal .A-a .O2 .gradient .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-*Low .PIO2 .(low .inhaled .O .concentration)
  • high .elevation .or .house .fires
  • incidence .where .another .gas .takes .over .oxygen .in .air .(MRI .story) *Alveolar .hypoventilation
  • Overdose Increased .A-a .O2 .gradient .(wide) .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-*V/Q .mismatch
  • in .case .of .mucus .plug
  • Opposite .end .of .shunt .is .dead .space, .where .there's .no .blood .flow .to .pulmonary .capillary .despite .lots .of .ventilation. *Shunt .(low .ventilation .to .perfusion .ratio; .and .extreme .form .of .low .V/Q .mismatch)
  • In .cases .of .pneumonia, .ARDs, .pulmonary .edema
  • .Diffusion .defect .(thickening .of .alveolar .capillary .membrane)
  • In .cases .of .fibrosis .(thickening .of .alveolar/capillary .liner .from .interstitial .lung .disease; .diffusion .of .O2) .or .increased .distance .between .the .walls .(milder .pulmonary .edema, .d/t .fluid; .diffusion .of .O2) .-- .measure .with .DLCO. V/Q .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Ventilation .is .about .4L .of .air .per .minute .and .Perfusion .is .about .%L .of .blood .per .minute.
  • Normal .V/Q .is .4/5=0.
  • Both .shunting .and .dead .space .can .lead .to .hypoxemia. .Both .asthma .and .pulmonary .edema .can .lead .to .hypoxemia .by .shunting.. Perfusion .without .ventilation .(Shunt) .V/Q= Ventilation .without .perfusion .(dead .space) .V/Q=infinity DLCO .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Diffusion .capacity .of .the .lung .for .carbon .monoxide.
  • how .easy .it .is .for .O2 .to .diffuse .from .the .air .to .the .bloodstream; .since .O2 .is .difficult .to .measure, .do .it .with .a .small .amount .of .carbon .monoxide .instead..
  • Measure .the .exact .amount .given .and .how .much .is .exhaled .and .subtract .the .two. --If .there .is .a .big .difference, .able .to .diffuse .a .lot. Variables .affecting .DLCO .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Hb, .COHb, .Altitude, .PAO2, .Body .position, .pulmonary .capillary .blood .volume, .Asthma, .Obesity.
  • .Destruction .of .alveoli .through .breakdown .of .elastin .within .septa .caused .by .an .imbalance .between .proteases .and .antiproteases, .oxidative .stress, .and .apoptosis .of .lung .cells. Emphysema .patho .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Cigarette .smoke .stimulates .polymorphonuclear .leucocytes .to .release .serine .elastase. .The .smoke .also .inactivates .the .elastase .inhibitor .alpha1-antitrypsin. .This .lets .serine .elastase .destroy .elastic .tissues .of .lung, .producing .emphysema. Fibrotic .lung .disease .(Restrictive) .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Thickened .alveolar .membrane .slows .gas .exchange. .Loss .of .lung .compliance .may .decrease .alveolar .ventilation.
  • Excessive .amount .of .fibrous .or .connective .tissue .in .the .lung .(scar .after .pulmonary .disease, .autoimmune .disorders, .or .by .inhalation .of .harmful .substances).
  • Chronic .inflammation .leads .to .fibrosis .and .alveolar .epithelization. ** .Lungs .become .stiff .and .difficult .to .ventilate. Pulmonary .fibrosis .(Restrictive) .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-An .excessive .amount .of .connective .tissue .in .the .lung. .It .diminishes .lung .compliance .and .may .be .idiopathic .or .caused .by .disease; .it .results .in .decreased .oxygen .diffusion .and .hypoxemia. Obstructive .lung .disease .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Airway .obstruction .that .is .worse .with .expiration.
  • takes .more .force .or .more .time .to .expire .a .given .volume .of .air.
  • can .be .acute .or .chronic .(asthma, .chronic .bronchitis, .and .emphysema) Restrictive .lung .disease .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Decreased .lung .compliance .(usually .alveoli).
  • Alveoli .stiff, .collapse, .hard .to .re-inflate.
  • Takes .more .effort .to .expand .the .lungs .and .chest .wall .during .inspiration..
  • Reduced .vital .capacity Restrictive .lung .disorders .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-1. .Difficult .to .inflate .space .(lesions, .effusions, .pneumonia, .ARDS, .pulmonary .edema .or .tumor)
  1. .Loss .of .lung .volume .(atelectasis, .lobectomy)
  2. .Decreased .compliance .(fibrotic .disease)
  3. .Deformity .of .chest .wall .(kyphoscoliosis)
  4. .Weakness .of .muscle .(neuromuscular)
  5. .Extra-thoracic .restriction .(obesity, .ascites, .pregnancy) Obstructive .lung .disorders .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-Asthma, .COPD, .bronchiectasis, .cystic .fibrosis. Mechanisms .responsible .for .airway .obstruction .in .COPD .- .CORRECT .ANSWER- *Inflammation .and .fibrosis .of .bronchial .wall .-> .Bronchial .edema.

Hypertrophied .mucous .glands .--> .excess .mucus .Obstructed .airflow, .hypersecretion .of .mucus. Loss .of .alveolar .tissue .-> .Decreased .surface .area .for .gas .exchange, .bacterial .colonization .of .airways, .destruction .of .alveolar .septa .Loss .of .elastic .lung .fibers .->Airway .collapse, .obstructed .exhalation, .air .trapping, .and .loss .of .elastic .recoil .of .bronchial .walls. FEV1/FVC .in .Obstructive .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-FEV1 .is .reduced .due .to .narrowed .airways..

  • FVC .is .usually .normal .or .nearly .normal, .so .FEV1/FVC .ratio .is .reduced. FEV1/FVC .in .Restrictive .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-FEV1 .is .reduced .but .so .is .FVC.
  • FEV1/FVC .ratios .is .not .decreased, .may .be .increased. Intrapulmonary .shunt .- .CORRECT .ANSWER-When .alveoli .are .perfused .with .blood .as .normal, .but .ventilation .fails .to .supply .the .perfused .region..
  • The .ventilation/perfusion .ratio .is .zero
  • A .pulmonary .shunt .often .occurs .when .the .alveoli .fill .with .fluid, .causing .parts .of .the .lung .to .be .unventilated