MN 568 MIDTERM AND FINAL EXAM (ACTUAL EXAMS) | ALL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS | GRADED, Exams of Psychology

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MN 568 MIDTERM AND FINAL EXAM (ACTUAL

EXAMS) | ALL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT

ANSWERS | GRADED A+ | VERIFIED ANSWERS |

LATEST VERSIONS 2025 (JUST RELEASED)

MN 568 MIDTERM EXAM 2025

The patient has hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome. Which laboratory findings would the clinician observe? A. Plasma bicarbonate 8 mEq/L B. Blood glucose level 40 mg/dL C. Serum osmolality 420 mOsm/kg D. Blood pH 7.20 ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Serum osmolality 420 mOsm/kg Which question should the clinician ask to determine the most frequent cause of diabetic ketoacidosis? A. "How often are you taking the insulin?" B. "Which type of infection have you experienced recently?" C. "What type of diet have you been following?" D. "Is there any reason you don't like taking your medications?" --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------"Which type of infection have you experienced recently?" A patient with type 1 diabetes has diabetic ketoacidosis. Which first-line treatment should the clinician prescribe? A. NPH insulin B. Regular insulin C. IV normal saline

D. Thiazolidinedione ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Regular insulin A nondiabetic patient has idiopathic hypoglycemia. Which dietary instruction should the clinician share with the patient? A. Follow a low-protein, high-carbohydrate diet B. Allow caffeine at each meal C. Avoid nuts and seeds D. Eat six small meals a day ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Eat six small meals a day The clinician is using the HALT acronym to help a patient identify overeating triggers. What does the "T" represent? A. Tired B. Tense C. Temper D. Threats ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Tired The patient weighs 350 lbs and is on a weight loss program. After 6 months, which ideal weight in pounds should the clinician observe? A. 335 B. 325 C. 315 D. 305 ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- 315 Which instruction should the clinician include in patient teaching regarding management of obesity? A. Occasionally skipping meals is acceptable. B. Try to use nonstick cookware when baking or frying.

A patient with hypertension comes in and insists that one of his new medications is causing him to cough. When looking at his list of medications, you think the cough must be from: A. Metoprolol B. Clopidogrel C. Tadalafil D. Captopril ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Captopril Which of the following scales is useful to assess the degree of dyspnea with a score of 6 to 20? A. Borg scale B. Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scale C. Visual analog scale D. Global assessment of functioning scale ---------CORRECT ANSWER----- ------------Borg scale Lisa is a 25-year-old Hispanic female experiencing chest tightness, a feeling of suffocation, and feels like she "can't get air in." She has no current history of heart or lung disease and did not exercise leading up to this attack. Which of the following is the most likely cause for this dyspnea? A. Severe chronic anemia B. Congestive heart failure C. Anxiety-related dyspnea D. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Anxiety-related dyspnea Which of the following statements regarding pulmonary function is true? a. Cigarette smoking accelerates the decline in pulmonary function tenfold b. Smoking cessation can reverse most pathological changes c. Cigarette smoking decreases mucus production

d. There is a normal age-related decline in pulmonary function --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------There is a normal age-related decline in pulmonary function Supplemental oxygen for how many hours per day has been shown to improve the mortality associated with COPD? ---------CORRECT ANSWER- ---------------- 15 - 18 hours The barrel chest characteristic of emphysema is a result of: --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------hyperinflation Which ethnic group has the highest lung cancer incidence and mortality rates? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------African American men A pt is 66in in height, weighing 200lbs, and newly diagnosed with T2DM. Her fasting plasma glucose level is 215mg/dL. What is the best initial treatment? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Diet and exercise for 6 week trial The clinician suspects that a client seen in the office has hyperthyroidism. Which of the following tests should the clinician order on the initial visit?

• High sensitivity thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free T
• Free T4 and serum calcium
• Free T3 and T
• TSH and thyroxin antibodies ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- High sensitivity thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free T

- TSH

• Electrolytes
• Urine specific gravity ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------TSH The clinician has been doing diabetic teaching for a pt with type 1 diabetes. Which of the following statements by the pt would indicate that teaching has been effective? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------I know I need to have my eyes checked every year. A 64yo man with T2DM presents to the clinic with the complaint of "my feet feel like they're on fire." He has a loss of vibratory sense, +1 Achilles reflex, and a tack embedded in his left heel. Which of the following would be an appropriate treatment?
• Tricyclic antidepressants
• Capsaicin cream
• Vitamin B12 injections
• Insulin ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Tricyclic antidepressants After removing a tack from a T2DM pt's heel and evaluating the site for infection, what is the best plan for this pt?
• Suggest she use a heating pad to improve circulation
• Refer to a podiatrist for a foot care treatment plan
• Send her for acupuncture treatments
• All of the above ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Refer to a podiatrist for a foot care treatment plan Joyce is seen in the clinic c/o vague symptoms of nervousness and irritability. She says that her hair will not hold a permanent wave anymore. On physical exam, the clinician finds an irregular heartbeat and brisk reflexes. The differential dx should include which of the following conditions?

• Myxedema
• Thyrotoxicosis
• Cushing's syndrome
• Pan-hypopituitarism ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- Thyrotoxicosis The pt is prescribed radioactive iodine (RAI) and asks the clinician how this drug works. The clinician's response should include which of the following data?
• RAI prevents the peripheral conversion of T4 to T
• RAI binds free T
• RAI destroys thyroid tissue
• RAI reduces freely circulating iodine ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------ -----RAI destroys thyroid tissue You are doing a cerumen extraction and touch the external meatus of your pt's ear. He winces and starts coughing. What is the name of this reflex? --- ------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Arnold Reflex Sam, age 78, presents to the clinic w/respiratory symptoms. His PFTs are as follows: normal total lung capacity, decreased PaO2, increased PaCO2. On assessment, you auscultate course crackles and forced expiratory wheezes. What is your dx? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- Chronic Bronchitis George has COPD and an 80% forced expiratory volume in 1 second. How would you classify the severity of his COPD? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-- ---------------Stage 1 mild COPD

Nathan, a 32yo policeman, has a 15-pack-year history of smoking and continues to smoke heavily. During every visit, he gets irate when you try to talk to him about quitting. What should you do? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Continue to ask him at every visit if he is ready to quit Your pt has decided to try to quit smoking with Chantix. You are discussing his quit date and he will begin taking the med tomorrow. When should he plan to quit smoking? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------His quit date should be in 1 week Which info should be included when you are teaching your pt about the use of nicotine gum? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------The gum must be correctly chewed to a softened state and then placed in the buccal mucosa Cydney presents with a h/o asthma. She has not been treated for a while. She c/o daily but not continual symptoms, greater than 1 week and at nighttime. She has been using her rescue inhaler. Her FEV1 is 60-80% predicted. How would you classify her asthma severity? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Moderate persistent Joyce is taking a long-acting beta agonist for her asthma. What additional med should she be taking? ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- Inhaled corticosteroid

Your pt is on theophylline (Therabid) for his asthma. You want to maintain his serum levels between: ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- 5 - 15mcg/mL Which of the following statements regarding TST is true? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------The size of the TST reaction has nothing to do with erythema but is based solely on induration Which obstructive lung disease is classified as reversible? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------asthma You have taught Jennifer, age 15, about using a flow meter to assess how to manage her asthma exacerbations. She calls you today because her peak expiratory flow rate is 65%. What would you tell her? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Use your rescue inhaler, begin the Rx of PO glucocorticoids you have, and call back tomorrow." Which statement about adenocarcinoma of the lung is accurate? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------It is the most prevalent carcinoma of the lungs in both sexes and in nonsmokers, representing 35-40% of all tumors Jason, age 62, has obstructive sleep apnea. What do you think is one of his contributing factors? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------His collar size is 17in The forced vital capacity is decreased in: a. Asthma b. Chronic bronchitis

A pt is dx'd with hypothyroidism. Which of the following EKG changes should the clinician expect as a manifestation of the dz?

• Sinus brady
• A-fib
• SVT
• U waves ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Sinus brady After 6mo of Synthroid therapy, the clinician should expect which of the following in the repeat thyroid studies?
• Elevated TSH
• Normal TSH
• Low TSH
• Undetectable TSH ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Normal TSH Which of the following lab findings should the clinician expect in a pt with untreated Graves'?
• Elevated TSH
• Elevated T
• Elevated thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
• All of the above ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------All of the above The clinician prescribes glipizide (Glucotrol) for a diabetic pt. Which statement made by the pt would indicate that your teaching has been effective?
• I'll take my pill at least 30min before breakfast
• I'll take my Glucotrol before bedtime
• It is important to take my medication right after I eat

• Since I only like to eat two meals/day, I can take the pill between my meals ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------I'll take my pill at least 30min before breakfast A diabetic pt asks the clinician why he needs to check his blood sugar at home even when he feels good. Which of the following responses would be most appropriate?
• Control of glucose will help postpone or delay complications
• Regularly checking blood sugar will help establish a routine
• Monitoring glucose will promote a sense of control
• All of the above ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------All of the above How often should the clinician examine the feet of a person with diabetes?
• Once a year
• Every 6mo
• Every 3mo
• Every visit ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Every visit The clinician sees a pt who is 5 feet tall and weighs 150lbs. How would the clinician classify this pt?
• Overweight
• Mild obesity
• Moderate obesity
• Morbid obesity ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Mild Obesity Mr. S presents in the clinic with pain, tenderness, erythema, and swelling to his L great toe. The clinician suspects acute gout. Which of the following should the clinician expect in the initial test results for this pt?
• Elevated uric acid level
• Elevated blood urea nitrogen
• Decreased urine pH

The clinician finds numerous nodules on the thyroid of a 65yo woman. The clinician suspects thyroid cancer. Which of the following data would be most significant for this pt?

• A h/o tonsillectomy in the 1940's
• Recent exposure to mumps
• Vegetarian diet
• Allergy to iodine ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------A h/o tonsillectomy in the 1940's Which of the following is essential for diagnosing thyroid cancer?
• Fine needle aspiration
• Thyroid ultrasound
• CT scan
• MRI ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Fine needle aspiration Which of the following are common signs of T2DM?
• Anorexia
• Recurrent yeast infection
• Wt gain
• Elevated HDL ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Recurrent yeast infection Which of the following meds can cause hyperglycemia?
• Prednisone
• Metformin
• Synthroid
• Cephalexin ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Prednisone

Which of the following is diagnostic for DM?

• A1C 7 on one occasion
• Fasting blood sugar (FBS) of 100mg/dL on 2 occasions
• Random glucose of 200mg/dL on 2 occasions
• 2hr post-load plasma glucose of 300mg/dL on 1 occasion --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Random glucose of 200mg/dL on 2 occasions Which of the following meds for T2DM should not be prescribed during pregnancy?
• Insulin
• Metformin
• Glucotrol
• Precose ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Glucotrol A 35yo woman presents w/symptoms of hypoglycemia. There is no h/o DM. Which of the following should be included in the differential dx?
• Anxiety disorder
• Pheochromocytoma
• Psychosis
• All of the above ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- Pheochromocytoma T/F Metformin is the first line of pharm treatment for T2DM. --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------True T/F Fruit juice with added sugar is the tx of choice for anyone experiencing hypoglycemia. ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------False

C. Oral glucose tolerance test 250 mg/dL (2-hour level) D. Random plasma glucose level 175 mg/dL ---------CORRECT ANSWER-- ---------------Oral glucose tolerance test 250 mg/dL (2-hour level) Which test should the clinician order to confirm Charcot foot? A. Bone scan of lower extremities B. Computed tomography (CT) scan C. X-ray of the foot D. Culture of the foot ulcer ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------X-ray of the foot The clinician should question the patient with suspected gout about use of which of these medications? A. Antihypertensives B. Thiazide diuretics C. Cardiac glycosides D. Potassium supplements ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- Thiazide diuretics A woman presents with new-onset hoarseness with hemoptysis. For which condition should the clinician focus an examination? A. Hyperthyroidism B. Pheochromocytoma C. Cushing's syndrome D. Thyroid cancer ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Thyroid cancer Which statement by the patient would indicate teaching has been successful regarding management of Cushing's syndrome at home? A. "I will take cortisone on an empty stomach." B. "I will stay away from large crowds."

C. "I will maintain a low-protein diet." D. "I will avoid foods high in potassium." ---------CORRECT ANSWER-------- ---------"I will stay away from large crowds." The patient presents to the clinic with a "buffalo hump," weight gain, easy bruising, and hyperpigmentation. Which initial diagnostic test should the clinician order? A. 1 mg overnight dexamethasone suppression test B. Abdominal computer tomography scan C. RAI uptake testing D. Early-morning salivary cortisol ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- 1 mg overnight dexamethasone suppression test The clinician suspects a patient has Addison's disease. Which clinical manifestation would the clinician observe upon a physical examination? A. Moon face B. Central obesity C. Hyperpigmentation D. Myxedema coma ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- Hyperpigmentation Which hydrocortisone dose would the clinician prescribe for a patient with Addison's disease? A. 25 to 50 mg daily B. 0.5 to 0.2 mg daily C. 20 mg in the morning and 10 mg in early evening D. 2 to 4 mg in the morning and 1 to 2 mg in the evening ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------20 mg in the morning and 10 mg in early evening