Download Medical Procedures: Questions and Answers for Students and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
Signs of malignant hyperthermia - correct answer -Tachycardia, CO2 retention, muscle rigidity, increase in body temp, lethal arrythmia
Tx for malignant hyperthermia - correct answer -EMS, O2, dantrolene, cold saline IV, ice packs-groin, axilla,neck
What tyoe of med is methohexital/brevital - correct answer -Barbiturate
Side effects of brevital - correct answer -Apnea on induction, muscle twitching, hiccups, decrease in BP, increase in HR, laryngospasm, bronchospasm
What type of med is pentothal/Thiopental - correct answer -Barbiturate
Side effects of thiopental - correct answer -Long recovery time, anesthetic hangover
What type is propofol - correct answer -Short acting hypnotic.... Antiemetic properties
Side effects of propofol - correct answer -Apnea, bradycardia, hypercarbia, hypotension
What med is ketamine - correct answer -Schedule II: dissociative also causes amnesia and analgesia
Side effects of ketamine - correct answer -Increase in salvation, BP,HR,ICP
Vivid dreaming
Contraindications of ketamine - correct answer -Uncontrolled glaucoma, pregnancy, psych issues, heart disease
Basic requisites of aesthetic - correct answer -Nontoxic
Non flammable
Non addictive
Minimal allergenicity
What's balanced anesthesia - correct answer -Amnesia
Analgesia
Relaxation/immobility
Loss of consciousness
Levels of sedation - correct answer -I- minimal sedation (anxiolytics)
II- conscious sedation
III- deep sedation (analgesia)
General anesthesia
T wave is what change in polarization - correct answer -Ventricular repolarization
P wave is what change in polarization - correct answer -Atrial depolarization
QRS is what change in polarization - correct answer -Ventricular depolarization
What anatomical structure is located at the top of the larynx closes the airway and prevents foreign bodies from entering trachea - correct answer -Epiglottis
Edema
Ascites
Ascites - correct answer -Accumulation of fluid in abdominal cavity
Patients with diabetes are at risk for oral sx why - correct answer -Subject to post op infections
Pt that's had a MI should wait how long before having elective sx - correct answer -6 months
Diazepam (Valium) used in oral sx for - correct answer -Sedating patient
Barbiturates detoxifies in - correct answer -Liver
Local containing epinephrine should be used cautiously in patients who have - correct answer -Cardiac dysthymia
What's the advantage of using local anesthetic alone - correct answer -Pt doesn't have to be NPO and no driver necessary
BP levels will most likely be LOW when - correct answer -Using adult arm cuff on a child
Monitor device that gives info on circulation and ventilation - correct answer -Pulse oximeter
3 ways to monitor ventilation - correct answer -Chest rise
Color
Anesthesia bag
What's cyanosis - correct answer -Blue tinge color of mucous membranes, skin, nails veds
What monitors pt ventilation in real time - correct answer -Capnograph or capnometer
What's malignant hyperthermia - correct answer -Can't regulate body's temp
Heart is an organ made up of specialized type of muscle - correct answer -Myocardium
How many chambers in the heart - correct answer -
Two superior chambers of heart called - correct answer -Atria
Two chambers below atria - correct answer -Ventricles
Which chamber is larger - correct answer -Ventricles
Which chamber is thicker and more powerful - correct answer -L ventricle bc pumps blood to the body
R side of heart has what kind of blood - correct answer -Deoxygenated red blood
R atrium receives blood from which 3 sources - correct answer -Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
Coronary sinus
Vessels leading away from heart - correct answer -Arteries
Laryngopharynx
Laryngoharynx located - correct answer -Directly behind larynx (voice box)
Another name for trachea - correct answer -Wind pipe
Diaphragm - correct answer -Dome shaped muscle separates chest cavity from abdominal cavity
What's oxygen capacity - correct answer -How much oxygen is attached to hemoglobin
What's normal adult respiration rate - correct answer -12-16 respiration per min at rest
Where's the islets located - correct answer -Pancreas
What do islets of langerhans do - correct answer -Secrete insulin and gkucagon
Adrenal glands located - correct answer -Top of each kidney
What's largest organ in body - correct answer -Liver
What's function of kidneys - correct answer -Maintain volume and composition of body fluids
In autonomic nervous system what's alpha - correct answer -Vasoconstrictors
In autonomic nervous system what's Beta - correct answer -Big organs
Beta 1 - correct answer -Heart
Beta 2 - correct answer -Lungs
Bundle of his - correct answer -Small band of muscle fibers that propagates atrial contraction rhythm to ventricles
Capnography - correct answer -Measures amount of CO2 in expired air
Emergence is - correct answer -Waking or returning of consciousness following anesthesia
Hypercarbia - correct answer -Increased level of CO
HyperpyrexiA - correct answer -Increased body temp
Hypoxia - correct answer -Low levels of O2 in body tissues
Induction - correct answer -Initiation of state of unconsciousness during anesthesia
Inferior alveolar artery - correct answer -Artery supplies blood to mandible,teeth,lower lip, chin
Inferior vena cava - correct answer -Venous trunk from lower abdominal that empties blood into R atrium
Ischemia - correct answer -Lack of blood to body part
Syncope is result of - correct answer -Decreased cerebral blood flow
( heart valve properly doesn't close due to damage)
MVP (mitral valve prolapse) - correct answer -Leaflets swing backwards during closure that allows backflow
Lumen - correct answer -Hollow core
Vasoconstriction - correct answer -Decrease in diameter of artery
Stroke volume - correct answer -Amount blood pumped by L ventricle in each beat
Cardiac output - correct answer -Total amount of blood pumped out of L ventricle in one min
How to determine cardiac output - correct answer -Multiply stroke volume by HR
What's cardiac cycle - correct answer -One contraction/relaxation of atria and ventricle,Es followed by short pause
Conduction system does what - correct answer -Gives signal for heart to pump
When parasympathetic fibers are stimulated they release - correct answer -Acetylcholine
Acetylcholine does what - correct answer -Decreases the HR and force of the contractions
Sinus rhythms are - correct answer -Rhythms that start from impulses from the SA node
Dysthymia - correct answer -Abnormal rhythms
Cephalic vein - correct answer -Lateral (outer) aspect of forearm
Basilic vein - correct answer -On medial (inner) aspect of forearm
Medial cubital vein - correct answer -An anastomosis (bridge) between the two
Veins on back of hand are called - correct answer -Dorsal venous plexus
Phlebitis - correct answer -Inflammation of vein can be painful
Four pair of sinuses are - correct answer -Maxillary
Frontal
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Nasopharynnx located - correct answer -Back of soft palate
Oropharynx located - correct answer -Bwtn soft palate and epiglottis
Purpose of epiglottis - correct answer -Allow air in and out of lungs
Opening bwtn vocal cords is - correct answer -Glottis
What percent of blood is made up of RBC - correct answer -40%
Hematocrit - correct answer -% of blood volume made up of RBC
ANS functions the organs that keep body's intern environment in a relatively constant state called - correct answer -Homeostasis
ANS regulates - correct answer -BP, HR, breathing, body temperature, water balance, urinary bladder, digestive functions
What are two subdivisions of ANS - correct answer -Sympathetic and parasympathetic
Sympathetic - correct answer -More dynamic and speeds up process
Parasympathetic - correct answer -Resting or vegetative state
Sympathetic nervous system exerts effects through action of chemical substance called - correct answer -Norepinephrine (adrenergic)
Sympathetic or adrenergic effects ANS are put in sub groupings called - correct answer -Alpha and beta
Alpha - correct answer -Vasoconstriction
I.e. Arteries and veins
Beta - correct answer -Big organs
Beta 1 - correct answer -Heart
Beta 2 - correct answer -Lungs i.e. Bronchodilation
Parasympathetic nervous system exerts effects through action of chemical substance called - correct answer -Acetylcholine
(Cholinergic)
What receptors play essential role in regulating BP with positional changes? - correct answer - Baroreceptors
Which drugs depress the vital centers which results in hypotension and respiratory depression? - correct answer -Barbiturates and propofol
Which anesthetic drug stimulates vitals and increase BP and pulse - correct answer -Ketamine
Which drugs are used to counteract parasympathetic stimulation and can help reduce production of saliva - correct answer -Anticholinergics
Which drugs are anticholinergics - correct answer -Atropine
Glycopyrrolate (Robinul)
What drug is used in cardiac arrest to stimulate adrenergic receptors and re establish electrical conductivity through conduction system of heart - correct answer -Epinephrine
What drug is used to manage hypotension - correct answer -Ephedrine
What drugs are used to manage hypertension - correct answer -Labetalol or esmolol
What drugs used to tx asthma attacks and anaphylaxis - correct answer -Albuterol and epinephrine
What drug is administered in bradycardia to counteract neurotransmitter acetylcholine at the parasympathetic receptor sites in heart - correct answer -Atropine
Internal carotid - correct answer -Has no branches before entering skull
ExternaL carotid - correct answer -Has 8 branches
Lingual artery - correct answer -Blood supply to tongue/ floor of mouth
Facial artery - correct answer -Supply's blood to mandible, inferior border of mandible of first and second molars then travels across external aspect of face
Maxillary Aretry - correct answer -Supply's blood to maxilla,sinuses, teeth, portion of nose
Inferior alveolar artery - correct answer -Supplies blood to mandible and teeth
Mental artery - correct answer -Distributes blood to chin
Internal jugular vein - correct answer -Drains much of blood from head and neck
What two ways to take a pulse? - correct answer -Radial artery (wrist), carotid artery (neck)
What gives signal to the heart to pump? - correct answer -Conduction system
Pharynx (throat) - correct answer -Area bwtn trachea and nasal cavity
Pharynx is divided into 3 regions - correct answer -Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
Nasopharynx - correct answer -Back of soft palate
Oropharynx - correct answer -Lie bwtn soft palate and epiglottis
Laryngopharynx - correct answer -Directly behind larynx aka -Vocal cord
Glottis - correct answer -Opening bwtn vocal cords
Vocal cords - correct answer -Located in larynx
Horizontal folds of soft tissue behind and attached to thyroid cartilage
