Download LHRD 4723: Chapter 1 Exam Questions And Answers and more Exams Leadership and Team Management in PDF only on Docsity!
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domination - correct answer ✅The first three decades of the 20th Century emphasize control and centralization of power with a common theme of _____. traits - correct answer ✅In the 1930s, _____ became the focus of defining leadership, with an emerging view of leadership as influence rather than domination. group - correct answer ✅The _____ approach came into the forefront in the 1940s with leadership being defined as the behavior of an individual while involved in directing group activities. group; relationship; effectiveness - correct answer ✅Three themes dominated leadership definitions during the 1950s:
- continuance of _____ theory, which framed leadership as what leaders do in groups
- leadership as a _____ that develops shared goals, which defined leadership based on behavior of the leader
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- _____, in which leadership was defined by the ability to influence overall group effectiveness behavior - correct answer ✅In the 1960s, leadership was seen as a _____ that influences people toward shared goals. organizational behavior - correct answer ✅In the 1970s, the group focus gave way to the _____ approach, where leadership became viewed as "initiating and maintaining groups or organizations to accomplish group or organizational goals." process - correct answer ✅From the 1990s into the 21st-century, emerging research emphasized the _____ of leadership, whereby an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal, rather than developing new ways of defining leadership. Authentic - correct answer ✅_____ leadership: the authenticity of leaders and their leadership is emphasized
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Discursive - correct answer ✅_____ leadership: posits that leadership is created not so much through leader traits, skills, and behaviors, but through communication practices that are negotiated between leader and follower focus of group processes - correct answer ✅Bass suggested that some definitions view leadership as the _____. From this perspective, the leader is at the center of group change and activity and embodies the will of the group. personality perspective - correct answer ✅Another set of definitions conceptualizes leadership from a _____, which suggests that leadership is a combination of special traits or characteristics that some individuals possess. power relationship - correct answer ✅In addition, some define leadership in terms of the _____ that exists between leaders and followers. From this viewpoint, leaders have power that they wield to affect change in others.
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transformational process - correct answer ✅Others view leadership as a _____ that moves followers to accomplish more than is usually expected of them. skills perspective - correct answer ✅Finally, some scholars address leadership from a _____. This viewpoint stresses the capabilities (knowledge and skills) that make effective leadership possible. Leadership - correct answer ✅_____ is a process whereby an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal. Process - correct answer ✅Defining leadership as a _____ means that it is not a trait or characteristic that resides in the leader, but rather a transactional event that occurs between the leader in the followers. Influence - correct answer ✅Leadership involves _____. It is concerned with
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leader - correct answer ✅Although leaders and followers are closely linked, it is the _____ who often initiates the relationship, creates the communication linkages, and carries the burden for maintaining the relationship. trait - correct answer ✅The _____ perspective suggests that certain individuals have special innate or inborn characteristics or qualities that make them leaders, and that it is these qualities that differentiate them from non-leaders. Process - correct answer ✅The _____ viewpoint suggests that leadership is a phenomenon that resides in the context of the interactions between leaders and followers and makes leadership available to everyone. Process - correct answer ✅The _____ definition of leadership is consistent with the definition of leadership that we have set forth in this chapter.
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Assigned - correct answer ✅Leadership that is based on occupying a position in an organization is _____ leadership. Assigned - correct answer ✅Team leaders, plant managers, department heads, directors, and administrators are all examples of _____ leaders. Emergent - correct answer ✅When others perceive an individual as the most influential member of a group or an organization, regardless of the individual's title, the person is exhibiting _____ leadership. Communication - correct answer ✅This type of leadership is not assigned by position; rather, it emerges over a period through _____. emergence - correct answer ✅Some of the positive communication behaviors that account for successful leader _____ include being verbally involved, being informed, seeking others' opinions, initiating new ideas, and being firm but not rigid.
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Social identity theory - correct answer ✅A unique perspective on leadership emergence is provided by _____. From this perspective, leadership emergence is the degree to which a person fits with the identity of the group as a whole. Power; Power; Power - correct answer ✅The concept of _____ is related to leadership because it is part of the influence process. _____ is the capacity or potential to influence. People have _____ when they have the ability to affect others' beliefs, attitudes, and courses of action. Influence - correct answer ✅Judges, doctors, coaches, and teachers are all examples of people who have the potential to _____ us. Power - correct answer ✅It is common for people to view leaders (both good and bad) and people in positions of leadership as individuals who wield _____ over others, as a result, power is often thought of as synonymous with leadership.
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Personal ends - correct answer ✅Understanding how power is used in leadership is instrumental as well in understanding the dark side of leadership, where leaders use their leadership to achieve their own _____ and lead in toxic and destructive ways. Followers - correct answer ✅Power used to be the domain of leaders, but that is diminishing and shifting to _____. Culture - correct answer ✅Changes in _____ have meant followers demand more from leaders, and leaders have responded. Transparent; decline - correct answer ✅Access to technology has empowered followers, given them access to huge amounts of information, and made leaders more _____. The result is a _____ in respect for leaders and leaders' legitimate power.
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Reward - correct answer ✅_____ Power: derived from having the capacity to provide rewards to others. A supervisor who complements employees who work hard is using this power. Coercive - correct answer ✅_____ Power: derived from having the capacity to penalize or punish others. A coach who sits players on the bench for being late to practice is using this power. Information - correct answer ✅_____ Power: derived from possessing knowledge that others want or need. A boss who has information regarding new criteria to decide employee promotion eligibility has this power. Social power - correct answer ✅In college courses today, the most widely cited research on power is French and Raven's work on the bases of _____.
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Referent, expert, legitimate, reward, and coercive; information - correct answer ✅French and Raven identified five common and important bases of power -- _____, _____, _____, _____, & _____ -- and Raven (1965) identified a sixth, _____ power. Attitudes; values; behaviors - correct answer ✅Each of these bases of power increases a leader's capacity to influence the _____, _____, or _____, of others. Position - correct answer ✅_____ power is the power a person derives from a particular office or rank in a formal organizational system. Legitimate; reward; coercive; information - correct answer ✅Position power includes _____, _____, _____, & _____ power Personal - correct answer ✅_____ power is the influence capacity a leader derives from being seen by followers as likable and knowledgeable.
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Coercion; leadership - correct answer ✅It is important to distinguish between _____ and _____ because it allows us to separate out from our examples of leadership the behaviors of individuals such as Hitler, the Taliban, and Jones. own goals - correct answer ✅Leaders who use coercion are interested in their _____ and seldom are interested in the wants and needs of followers. with - correct answer ✅Using coercion runs counter to working _____ followers to achieve a common goal. industrialized; management - correct answer ✅Whereas the study of leadership can be traced back to Aristotle, management emerged around the turn of the 20th Century with the advent of our _____ society. _____ was created as a way to reduce chaos in organizations, to make them run more effectively and efficiently.
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Planning; organizing; staffing; controlling - correct answer ✅The primary functions of management as first identified by Fayol, were _____, _____, _____, and _____. Management; leadership - correct answer ✅The overriding function of _____ is to provide order and consistency to organizations, whereas the primary function of _____ is to produce change and movement. Management; leadership - correct answer ✅To be effective, organizations need to nourish both competent _____ and skilled _____. Bennis; Nanus - correct answer ✅Many scholars argue that leadership and management are distinct constructs. For example, _____ and _____ maintained that there is a significant difference between the two. manage; lead - correct answer ✅To _____ means to accomplish activities in master routines, whereas to _____ means to influence others and create visions for change.
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themselves are distinct, and that they are basically different types of people. Low emotional - correct answer ✅He contended that managers are reactive and preferred to work with people to solve problems but do so with _____ involvement. Emotionally - correct answer ✅Zaleznik suggested that leaders, on the other hand, are _____ active and involved. Leadership; management - correct answer ✅When managers are involved in influencing a group to meet its goals, they are involved in _____. When leaders are involved in planning, organizing, staffing, and controlling, they're involved in _____.
