Statistical Analysis of Engineering Data, Lecture notes of Accounting

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@= 5nkmnsf ljifox? M -s_ ;fwf/0f k|:tfjx? M -!_ ;~rfns ;ldltsf] aL;f}+ / PSsfO;f} jflif{s k|ltj]bg ;DaGwdf. -@_ cfly{s jif{ @)&#÷)&$ / @)&$÷)&% sf] n]vfk/LIfssf] k|ltj]bg ;lxt jf;nft, gfkmf gf]S;fg lx;fa / ;f]xL cjlwsf] gub k|jfx ljj/0f nufot ;+nUg cg';"rLx? ;d]tsf] ljQLo ljj/0f kfl/t ug]{ ;DaGwdf. -#_ cfly{s jif{ @)&$÷)&% sf] d'gfkmfaf6 a}+ssf] xfn sfod r'Qmf k"FhL ?= &,)!,%,&,#)).– sf] !%=( k|ltztn] x'g cfpg] ?=!,!!,%@,%#,%@@.– sf] af]g; z]o/ hf/L ug]{ ljz]if k|:tfj o;} ;fwf/0f ;efdf k]z ul/Psf]n] pQm af]g; z]o/ hf/L ubf{ nfUg] s/ k|of]hgsf nflu r'Qmf k"FhLsf] )=# k|ltztn] x'g cfpg] ?= %,*^,(&,%%$.– gub nfef+z ljt/0f ug]{ k|:tfj kfl/t ug]{ ;DaGwdf. -$_ a}+ssf] ;~rfns ;ldltdf ;+:yfks ;d'xaf6 # hgf / ;j{;fwf/0f ;d'xaf6! hgf dlxnf ;lxt # hgf u/L hDdf ^ hgf ;~rfnsx?sf] lgjf{rg ug]{ ;DaGwdf.

-v_ ljz]if k|:tfjx? M -!_ cfly{s jif{ @)&$÷)&% sf] d'gfkmfaf6 r'Qmf k"FhLsf] !%=( k|ltztn] x'g cfpg] ?=!,!!,%@,%#,%@@.– sf] af]g; z]o/ hf/L ug]{ ljz]if k|:tfj kfl/t ug]{. ;fy} af]g; z]o/ hf/L kZrft sfod x'g] leGg c+s (Fraction) nfO{ eljiodf ;dfof]hg ug]{ u/L oyfjt /fVg] ;DaGwdf. -@_ a}+ssf] k|jGwkq tyf lgodfjnLdf b]xfo adf]lhd yk tyf ;+zf]wg ug]{ ;DaGwdf. @=! k|jGwkqsf] bkmf $ df /x]sf] a}+ssf] d'Vo p2]Zo k|fKt ug{ ul/g] sfo{x?df b]xfo adf]lhd yk ug]{. -s3_ ;fj{hlgs lgisfzg -Further Public Offering-FPO_ ug]{. -sª_ lwtf]kq lgIf]k ;DaGwL sfo{ ug]{. -sr_ ;xfos sDkgL :yfkgf u/L lwtf]kq Joj;foLsf] sfo{ ug]{. @=@ k|jGwkqsf] bkmf % df /x]sf] k"FhLut ;+/rgfdf b]xfo adf]lhd ;+zf]wg ug]{. -v_ a}+ssf] tTsfn hf/L ug]{ z]o/k"FhL j[l4 u/L ¿=,!#,#,$),@@.– -cIf/]kL cf7 ca{ t]x| s/f]8 c8\tL; nfv rfln; xhf/ cf7 ;o afO;_ k'Ug] ePsf]n] ;f]xL adf]lhd ;+zf]wg ug]{. -u_ a}+ssf] r'Qmf k"FhL j[l4 u/L ¿= ,!#,#,$),*@@.– -cIf/]kL cf7 ca{ t]x| s/f]8 c8\tL; nfv rfln; xhf/ cf7 ;o afO;_ k'Ug] ePsf]n] ;f]xL adf]lhd ;+zf]wg ug]{. @=# k|jGwkqsf] bkmf & df /x]sf] z]o/ vl/b jf x:tfGt/0f ug{ aGb]h cGtu{t a'Fbf -`_ df yk ;fj{hlgs lgisfzg

• FPO_ dfWodaf6 laqmL ubf{ k|fKt lk|ldodnfO{ z]o/ lk|ldod zLif{s cGtu{t hu]8fsf] ?kdf n]vfÍg ug]{ Joj:yf yk ug]{. @=$ lgodfjnLsf] lgod !) -*_ df /x]sf] lg0ff{os dt ;DjGwL Joj:yfdf ;+zf]wg ug]{.

k'gZrM k|:tfj g+= @ ;+u ;DalGwt k|jGwkq tyf lgodfjnLdf k|:tfj ul/Psf] ;+zf]wg ;DjGwL tLg dxn] ljj/0f jflif{s k|ltj]bgdf ;+nUg ul/Psf] 5. -#_ a}+ssf] k|jGwkqdf ePsf ;+zf]wg ;DaGwL ljz]if k|:tfjx? g]kfn /fi6« a}+s, sDkgL /lhi6«f/sf] sfof{no, g]kfn lwtf]kq af]8{ nufotsf ;DalGwt lgofds lgsfoaf6 :jLs[lt lng] qmddf ;DalGwt lgsfosf] lgb]{zg cg';f/ km]/abn, kl/dfh{g, yk36 tyf ;+zf]wg ug'{k/]df ;f] sfo{ ug{sf nflu ;~rfns ;ldltnfO{ clVtof/L k|bfg ug]{.

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@= g]kfn /fi6« a}+sdf k]z ul/Psf] k"FhL of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjog ug{ tyf jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;efdf ljQLo ljj/0f :jLs[t u/fO{ lgjf{lrt ;~rfns ;ldlt u7g ug]{ ;DaGwdf eP u/]sf sfo{ lgDg adf]lhd /x]sf] Joxf]/f k|:t't ub{5f}F.

• ;~rfns ;ldltn] g]kfn /fi6« a}+sn] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhdsf] r'Qmf k"FhL k'¥ofpg] sfo{sf nflu k|lta4 eO{ xsk|b z]o/ hf/L ug{ ljz]if ;fwf/0f ;ef cfx\jfg u/L ;"rgf k|sflzt u/]sf] Joxf]/f oxfFx¿ ;a}nfO{ hfgsf/L /x]s} 5. pQm ;"rgf adf]lhd ldlt @)&$ j}zfv !% ut] ljz]if ;fwf/0f ;ef af]nfO{ xsk|b z]o/ hf/L ug]{ k|:tfj kfl/t ug]{ k|lqmof cufl8 al9/x]s} cj:yfdf ldlt @)&$ j}zfv !% ut] af]nfOPsf] ljz]if ;fwf/0f ;ef /f]Sg sDkgL /lhi6«f/sf] sfof{noaf6 ldlt @)&$ j}zfv !! ut] lgb]{zg eP cg'¿k pQm ljz]if ;fwf/0f ;ef :yug ul/Psf] lyof]. ;f]xL sf/0f ljz]if ;fwf/0f ;ef u/L ;dodf g} xsk|b z]o/ hf/L ug]{ k|lqmof tTsfn cufl8 a9fpg g;lsPsf] Joxf]/f oxfFx? ;dIf /fVg rfxG5f}F.
• ;~rfns ;ldltn] a}+ssf] r'Qmf k"FhL of]hgf sfof{Gjog ug{, ;~rfnssf] lgjf{rg ug]{ ;d]tsf sfo{qmd ;lxt ldlt @)&$ efb| !^ df ¿kGb]xL lhNnfsf] l;4fy{gu/df jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef af]nfPsf] lyof]. t/ ;~rfns ;ldltsf] lgjf{rgsf ;DaGwdf s]xL z]o/wgL dxfg'efjx?af6 a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf ;DaGwL P]g, @)^# vf/]h eO{ gofF hf/L ePsf] a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf ;DaGwL P]g, @)&# sf] Joj:yf adf]lhd ;~rfns ;ldltsf] ;+Vof % b]lv & ;Dd /xg] tyf ;+:yfks / ;j{;fwf/0f tkm{af6 k|ltlglwTj ug]{ ;~rfnssf] ;+Vof klg z]o/ cg'kftdf x'g'kg]{ x'Fbf a}+ssf] k|aGwkq tyf lgodfjnLnfO{ ;do–;fk]If ;+zf]wg u/L ;~rfnssf] lgjf{rg ug'{kg]{ egL ;~rfns ;ldlt ;dIf lgj]bg kg{ cfPsf] / g]kfn /fi6« a}+såf/f ldlt @)&$ h]7 @@ df hf/L kl/kqn] k|aGwkq / lgodfjnL ;+zf]wg u/L ;~rfns ;ldlt u7gsf] Joj:yf ug{ lgb]{zg lbPsf] x'Fbf ;~rfnssf] lgjf{rgsf] ljifo ;"rLnfO{ :yug u/L ;fwf/0f ;efdf cGo ljifo ;"rLdf dfq 5nkmn / lg0f{o ug]{ ;~rfns ;ldltaf6 lg0f{o eO{ ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sfzg ul/Psf] Joxf]/f oxfFx? ;dIf k'gM lgj]bg ub{5f}F. ctM ldlt @)&$ efb| !^ df ;DkGg !(cf}F jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;efaf6 ;~rfnssf] lgjf{rg ug]{ afx]s cGo ljifodf lg0f{o u/L sfof{Gjogdf NofOPsf] lyof]. pQm ;fwf/0f ;efaf6} g]kfn /fi6« a}+sn] tf]s]sf] Go"gtd r'Qmf k"FhL k'¥ofpg @ z]o/ a/fa/! z]o/sf] cg'kftdf xsk|b z]o/ hf/L ug] {lg0f{o ePsf] lyof].

;~rfns ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg aL;f}+ / PSsfO;f}+ ;fwf/0f ;ef

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• ldlt @)&$ efb| !^ ut]sf] !( cf}F jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;efn] g]kfn /fi6« a}+sn] tf]s] adf]lhdsf] r'Qmf k"FhL of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf nflu r'Qmf k"FhLsf] %) k|ltzt cyf{t\ ljBdfg @ z]o/ a/fa/! z]o/sf] cg'kftdf xsk|b z]o/ hf/L ug]{ lg0f{o sfof{Gjog ug{sf nflu ldlt @)&$ efb| @! ut] laqmL k|aGws lgo'lQm u/L ljj/0f kq g]kfn lwtf]kq af]8{df ldlt @)&$ dfu{ !( ut] btf{ ul/Psf] lyof]. k|rlnt lgod cg';f/ k|yd r/0fdf ;~rfns tyf cfwf/e"t z]o/wgLnfO{ xsk|b z]o/ afktsf] /sd hDdf ug{sf nflu ldlt @)&$ kf}if @ ut] ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] lyof] / cfwf/e"t z]o/wgLx¿n] cg'/f]w u/] adf]lhd ldlt @)&% cfiff9 @@ ut] ;Dd xsk|b z]o/sf] /sd hDdf ug]{ Dofb ylkFb} cfPsf] lyof]. d'2f dfldnf tyf ph'/Lsf sf/0f g]kfn lwtf]kq af]8{af6 ljj/0f kq :jLs[lt x'gdf l9nfO{ x'g uO{ ldlt @)&% cfiff9 @@ ut] dfq g]kfn lwtf]kq af]8{af6 :jLs[lt k|fKt ePsf] lyof]. pQm :jLs[lt kZrft\ klg ldlt @)&% ;fpg !! ut] ;Dd cfwf/e"t z]o/wgLx¿sf nflu xsk|b z]o/sf] /sd hDdf ug{ k'gM clGtd k6s ldlt @)&% cfiff9 @# ut] ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] lyof]. t/ cfwf/e"t z]o/wgLx¿n] kfpg] xsk|b z]o/ $^ nfv *& xhf/ ( ;o () lsQf dWo] pQm ldlt ;Dd hDdf & nfv ^# xhf/ ( ;o (( lsQfsf] nflu dfq /sd a'emfPsf] Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fpFb5f}+.
• cfwf/e"t z]o/wgLx¿nfO{ /sd hDdf ug]{ ;"rgfsf] ;dofjlw ;dfKt ePkl5 ldlt @)&% efb| $ ut] b]lv ldlt @)&% cflZjg @@ ut] ;Dd cGo z]o/wgLx¿nfO{ xsk|b afktsf] /sd hDdf ug{ ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf] lyof]. @ z]o/ a/fa/! z]o/sf] cg'kftdf xsk|b z]o/ hf/L ug{ :jLs[t ePsf] ljj/0f kq cg';f/ hDdf @ s/f]8 ## nfv (% xhf/ @ ;o (! xsk|b z]o/ lsQf dWo] pQm ldlt leq! s/f]8 %$ nfv $ xhf/ @ ;o (( lsQfsf nflu dfq cfj]bg k/L ;f]xL adf]lhd afF8kmfF6 ul/Psf] lyof] eg] ;+:yfks / ;j{;fwf/0f tkm{ u/L hDdf &( nfv !) xhf/ ( ;o (@ lsQf xsk|b z]o/ laqmL gePsf] x'Fbf k|rlnt lwtf]kq P]g, lgod Pj+ lgb]{lzsfsf] Joj:yf adf]lhd ;fj{hlgs af]nsjf]n dfkm{t laqmL k|lqmof cufl8 a9fOPsf] lyof]. pQm ;"rgf cg';f/ ;+:yfks tyf ;j{;fwf/0f tkm{sf] z]o/ vl/bsf nflu pNn]Vo ¿kdf cfj]bg k/L laqmLsf nflu cfx\jfg ul/Psf] ;Dk"0f{ lsQf z]o/ laqmL eO{ a}+ssf] r'Qmf k'FhL k'¥ofpg] sfo{ ;kmn ePsf] lyof]. ;fy}, lnnfd dfkm{t laqmL ubf{ lk|ldod :j¿k ¿=!^ s/f] ( nfv ^) xhf/ % ;o !$ / k};f &* ;d]t k|fKt ePsf] Joxf]/f ;d]t oxfFx¿df cjut u/fpg rfxG5f}F. o; sfo{df oxfFx¿sf] ;xof]u Pj+ z'e]R5fk|lt o; ;~rfns ;ldlt xflb{s cfef/ k|s6 ub{.
• g]kfn /fi6« a}+sn] tf]s] adf]lhd o; a}+ssf] r'Qmf k"FhL ¿=* ca{ k'¥ofpg] qmddf xsk|b z]o/ hf/Laf6 r'Qmf k"FhL ¿=& ca{! s/f]8 % nfv & xhf/ # ;o k'u]sf] x'Fbf o;} ;fwf/0f ;efaf6 af]g; z]o/ ljt/0f ug]{ k|:tfj kfl/t eP kZrft\ r'Qmf k"FhL ¿= ca{ !# s/f]8 # nfv $) xhf/ * ;o @@ k'Ug] s'/f o; ul/dfdo ;efnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg kfpFbf xfdLnfO{ ;Gtf]if nfu]sf] 5. of] ;kmntfsf nflu z]o/wgLx¿af6 k|fKt ;xof]usf] pRr ;Ddfg ub} { wGojfb 1fkg ub{5f}F.
• o; a}+sn] g]kfn /fi6« a}+sn] tf]s]sf] k"FhLut ;+/rgfsf] sfo{ k"/f u/]sf] cj:yf Pj+ ;f]xL adf]lhd cfˆgf] Jofj;flos of]hgf cg';f/ /0fgLlt tof/ kf/L sfof{Gjogdf /x]sf] cj:yfdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] cfly{s jif{ @)&^÷&& sf nflu ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] ah]6 sfo{qmddf jfl0fHo a}+sx¿ aLr dh{/ ug]{ sfo{nfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug]{ gLlt lnPsf] / ;f]xL gLlt sfof{Gjogsf nflu g]kfn /fi6« a}+saf6 k|To]s jfl0fHo a}+sx¿sf ;~rfns ;ldltsf cWoIf tyf k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[tx¿nfO{ cfly{s jif{ @)&^÷&& sf] df}lb|s gLlt ;fj{hlgs x'g' cufj} ufEg] jf ufleg] ;DaGwL k|lta4tf kq g]kfn /fi6« a}+sdf k]z ug{ lbPsf] lgb]{zg cg'¿k o; a}+sn] klg dh{/ ;ldlt u7g u/L dh{/ ;ldltn] ldlt @)&^ cfiff9 !* ut]sf lbg a}+ssf k|d'v z]o/wgLx¿;Fu 5nkmn u/L pko'Qm a}+ssf] 5gf}6 u/L dh{/ k|lqmofdf ;xefuL x'g] k|lta4tf kq g]kfn /fi6« a}+s ;dIf k]z ul/;s]sf] Joxf]/f oxfFx¿df cjut u/fpg rfxG5f}F. ldlt @)&^ ;fpg
  • ut] g]kfn /fi6« a}+sn] ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] cfly{s jif{ @)&^÷&& sf] df}lb|s gLltdf ljQLo If]q ;'b[9Ls/0f cGtu{t jfl0fHo a}+s Ps cfk;df ufEg]÷ufleg] jf k|flKt k|lqmofdf ;+nUg eO{ @)&& c;f/ d;fGtleq PsLs[t sf/f]af/ ;~rfng u/]df ljBdfg Joj:yf cg';f/ pknAw x'g] ;x'lnotsf cltl/Qm b]xfo adf]lhdsf yk ;x'lnot k|bfg ug]{ Joj:yf u/]sf] Joxf]/f klg hfgsf/L u/fpFb5f}+ M -s_ s[lif, phf{ / ko{6g If]qdf tf]lsPsf] shf{ k'¥ofpg' kg]{ cjlw @)&* c;f/ d;fGt sfod ul/g], -v_ shf{ / lgIf]k aLrsf] Aofhb/ cGt/ $=$ k|ltzt sfod ug'{kg]{ cjlw @)&* c;f/ d;fGt sfod ul/g], -u_ zfvf lj:tf/ ug{ g]kfn /fi6« a}+ssf] :jLs[lt lng' gkg]{,

%= ;~rfns ;ldlt cGtu{tsf ;ldltx? ;+:yfut ;'zf;g sfod ub}{ a}+s ;~rfngsf] cfGtl/s k|0ffnL ;'b[9 ug{ g]kfn /fi6« a}+saf6 hf/L PsLs[t lgb]{zgsf] Joj:yfn] tf]s] adf]lhd lgDg ;b:ox¿ /xg] u/L lgDg ;ldltx¿ u7g eO{ sfo{ ;Dkfbg ub}}{ cfPsf] Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fpFb5f}+. n]vfk/LIf0f ;ldlt kbflwsf/Lx? kb

L s[i0f >]i7 ;+of]hs 8f= s}nfz ktLGb| cdfTo ;b:o cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f ljefu k|d'v ;b:o ;lrj

sd{rf/L ;]jf ;'ljwf ;ldlt kbflwsf/Lx? kb

L rGb| k|;fb jf:tf]nf ;+of]hs L dfwj k|;fb e§ ;b:o k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t ;b:o n]vf tyf hgzlQm ljefu x]g]{ sfo{sf/L txsf clws[t ;b:o hgzlQm ljefu k|d'v ;b:o ;lrj

hf]lvd Joj:yfkg ;ldlt kbflwsf/Lx? kb

L Odfg l;+x nfdf ;+of]hs L rGb| k|;fb jf:tf]nf ;b:o L s[i0f >]i7 ;b:o ;~rfng ljefu x]g]{ sfo{sf/L txsf] clws[t ;b:o k|d'v hf]lvd Joj:yfkg ljefu ;b:o ;lrj

;DklQ z'4Ls/0f lgjf/0f ;DaGwL ;ldlt kbflwsf/Lx? kb

L dfwj k|;fb e§ ;+of]hs L Odfg l;+x nfdf ;b:o k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t ;b:o cg'kfngf ljefu x]g]{ sfo{sf/L txsf kbflwsf/L ;b:o ;lrj

dh{/ kZrft\ Ps} 7fpFdf bf]xl/g uPsf zfvfx¿nfO{ csf]{ 7fpFdf :yfgfGt/0f ug]{ tyf g]kfn /fi6« a}+saf6 hf/L df} lb|s gLltn] tf]s]sf] Joj:yf adf]lhd :yfgLo lgsfodf vf]Ng'kg]{ zfvfx¿sf] cWoog u/L ;'emfj k]z ug{ / a}+ssf] ;]jfnfO{ /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o If]qdf lj:tf/sf nflu /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o lgod / cj;/sf] cWoog cg';Gwfg ug{ lgodfg';f/ Ps cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf; ;ldlt klg u7g eO{ sfo{ ;Dkfbg ul//x]sf] Joxf]/f cjut u/fpg rfxG5f}F.

cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf; ;ldlt kbflwsf/Lx? kb 8f= s}nfz ktLGb| cdfTo ;+of]hs

L dfwj k|;fb e§ ;b:o k|d'v sfo{sf/L clws[t ;b:o ahf/ tyf zfvf :yfgfGt0f x]g]{ sfo{sf/L txsf kbflwsf/L ;b:o ;lrj

^= z]o/ ;+/rgf a}+ssf] z]o/ ;+/rgfdf g]kfn /fi6« a}+ssf] lgb]{zg adf]lhd ;+:yfks ;d"xdf %! k|ltzt / ;j{;fwf/0f ;d"xtkm{ $( k|ltzt sfod /x]sf] 5.

&= cf}Bf]lus ;+nUgtf tyf afx\o ;DaGw a}+sn] cfˆgf ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnf kIfx¿ lgIf]kstf{ tyf shf{ pkef]ustf{x¿;Fu lg/Gt/ ;'dw'/ ;DaGw sfod ub}{ cfPsf]

5. a}+s;Fu ;DalGwt ;a} kIfsf] lxtnfO{ Wofgdf /fVb} /fli6«o cy{tGqnfO{ ;an agfpg x/;Dej k|of; ul//x]sf] / cfufdL lbgx¿df a}+lsË Joj;fonfO{ yk dha'b agfpFb} b]zn] cjnDag u/]sf] cfly{s ljsf;sf] gLlt / sfof{Gjogdf o; a+}ssf tkm{af6 ;Sbf] of]ubfg ub}{ hfg] Joxf]/f a}+ssf] k|fyldstfdf /x]sf] ljifo oxfFx¿ ;dIf lgj]bg ug{ rfxG5f}F. g]kfn ;/sf/sf] æ;d[4 g]kfn, ;'vL g]kfnLÆ eGg] ;f]rnfO{ sfof{Gjogdf ptfg{ xfdLn] klg cf–cfˆgf] 7fpFaf6 b]z ;]jfdf lqmofzLn x'g'kb{5. To;tkm{ xfd|f ;]jfx¿ cem lj:tf/ ub{{} n}hfg'kg]{ cfjZostf 5 eGg] ljifo klg xfdL tkfO{x¿ ;dIf /fVg pko'Qm 7fGb5f}F.

g]kfn ;/sf/, dlGqkl/ifb\af6 ldlt @)&% efb| @! ut] :jLs[t eO{ g]kfn /fi6« a}+saf6 æsÆ ævÆ / æuÆ ju{sf Ohfhtkq k|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx¿af6 ljleGg If]q tyf ;d'bfo nlIft æ;x'lnotk"0f{ shf{sf nflu Aofh cg'bfg ;DaGwL PsLs[t sfo{ljlw, @)&%Æ nfu" ePsf]df pQm sfo{ljlw cGtu{t tf]lsPsf zLif{s cGtu{t ;x'lnotk"0f{ shf{ k|jfxsf nflu gLltut Joj:yf u/L ;f]xL adf]lhd ug]{, u/fpg] ;DaGwdf g]kfn /fi6« a}+saf6 hf/L lgb]{zg cg'¿k lgDg adf]lhdsf zLif{s cGtu{t shf{ k|jfxsf nflu gLltut Joj:yfx¿ ul/Psf] 5 M -s_ Jofj;flos s[lif tyf kz'kIfL shf{ -v_ lzlIft o'jf :j/f]huf/ shf{ -u_ ljb]zaf6 kms]{sf o'jf kl/of]hgf shf{ -3_ dlxnf pBdzLntf shf{ -ª_ blnt ;d'bfo Joj;fo ljsf; shf{ -r_ pRr k|fljlws tyf Jofj;flos lzIff shf{ -5_ e"sDk kLl8tx¿sf] lghL cfjf; lgdf{0f shf{

g]kfn /fi6« a}+sn] lgb]{zg u/] cg';f/ a}+sn] ljkGg ju{ tyf tf]lsPsf pTkfbgzLn If]qx¿df shf{ k|jfx ub}{ cfPsf] 5.

*= g]kfn lwtf]kq af]8{n] hf/L u/]sf] ;+:yfut ;'zf;g lgb]{lzsf, @)&$ sf] sfof{Gjog ldlt @)&% ;fn ;fpg! ut] b]lv g]kfn lwtf]kq af]8{n] nfu" x'g] u/L hf/L u/]sf] ;+:yfut ;'zf;g lgb]{lzsf, @)&$ cg';f/ a}+sn] cfjlws k|ltj]bgx¿ k]z ub}{ cfPsf] / pQm lgb]{lzsfdf pNn]v eP cg';f/ a}+sn] kl/kfng clws[t

• Compliance Officer_ lgo'Qm u/]sf] tyf pQm clws[tn] P]g, lgodfjnL tyf lgodgsf/L lgsfon] ;do ;dodf hf/L u/]sf] lgb]{zg tyf lgb]{lzsf adf]lhd ug'{kg]{ s'/fx¿ lgodgsf/L lgsfon] Ohfhtkq hf/L ubf{sf avt tf]s]sf sfo{x¿ / lgodgsf/L lgsfon] a}+ssf] lgodg, lg/LIf0f tyf ;'kl/j]If0f ubf{ lbPsf] lgb]{zg kfngf u/]sf] Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/ fpFb5f}F.

Risk Appetite and Risk Tolerance Policy – 2018 Risk Based Internal Audit Mannual – 2018 Risk Based Internal Audit Manual – 2075 Risk Management Guidelines – 2017 Valuation Guidelines – 2017 ;fy}, ;'b[9 hf]lvd Joj:yfkgsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ gLlt tyf sfo{ljlwx¿ ;dofg's"n kl/dfh{g ul/Psf] 5.

!)= jfx\o n]vfk/LIf0f o; a}+ssf] cfly{s jif{ @)&#÷)&$ sf] jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef ;DkGg x'g g;s]sf] sf/0f cfly{s jif{ @)&$÷)&% sf nflu n]vfk/LIfs lgo'Qm ug{ g;lsPsf]n] k|rlnt sDkgL sfg"gsf] Joj:yf cg';f/ sDkgL /lhi6«f/sf] sfof{nosf] :jLs[lt lnO{ cfly{s jif{ @)&$÷)&% sf nflu n]vfk/LIfsdf >L Pd=s]= ;fx P08 P;f]l;P6; lgo'Qm eO{ cfly{s jif{ @)&$÷)&% sf] ljQLo ljj/0f n]vfk/LIf0f ePsf] lyof]. ;fy} cfly{s jif{ @)&%÷&^ sf] n]vfk/LIf0f ug]{ sfo{ k"/f u/L jflif{s ;fwf/0f ;ef ;dod} ;DkGg ug{ ;lhnf] xf];\ egL pQm cfly{s jif{sf] n]vfk/LIf0f ug{ sDkgL /lhi6«f/sf] sfof{nosf] ldlt @)&^ ;fpg ( ut]sf] :jLs[lt cg';f/ n]vfk/LIfs >L lk= h]= yfkf P08 sDkgL nfO{ lgo'lQm u/L cfly{s jif{ @)&%÷&^ sf] ljQLo ljj/0fsf] n]vfk/LIf0f ug]{ sfo{ cufl8 a9fOPsf] Joxf]/f oxfFx¿ ;a}df cjut u/fpg rfxG5f}F.

!!= cfly{s jif{ @)&#÷)&$ / cfly{s jif{ @)&$÷)&% tyf cfly{s jif{ )&%÷)&^ cfiff9 d;fGt;Ddsf] a}+ssf] ljQLo sf/f]af/sf] l;+xfjnf]sg Gf]kfn /fi6« a}+sn] æsÆ ju{sf a}+sx¿nfO{ cfly{s jif{ @)&$÷&% b]lv cfˆgf ljQLo ljj/0f Nepal Financial Reporting Standards (NFRS) adf]lhd tof/ kfg{'kg]{ lgb]{zg lbP cg';f/ o; a}+sn] o; cfly{s jif{sf] ljQLo ljj/0f NFRS adf]lhd k|:t't u/]sf] 5. NFRS cg';f/ ljQLo ljj/0f tof/ ubf{ ut jif{sf] ljQLo ljj/0fnfO{ ;d]t NFRS cg';f/ k'gn] {vg ug'{kg]{ ePsf]n] ut jif{sf] tYofÍdf kl/jt{g ePsf] 5. ;f] sf] lj:t[t ljj/0f o;} k|ltj]bgdf ;+nUg ul/Psf]

-s_ cfly{s jif{ @)&#÷)&$ sf] ljQLo l:ylt ?k}ofFdf ljj/0f cfiff9 d;fGt @)&$ #^ cfiff9 d;fGt @)&# #^ km/s r'Qmf k"FhL 4,67,90,58,200^ 2,35,31,76,000^ (.$% hu]8f sf]if 1,80,88,67,854^ 1,31,57,31,525^ #&.$*% lgIf]k 58,79,50,94,314^ 30,36,35,55,060^ (#.^$% s'n shf{ 48,16,88,20,311^ 24,89,11,47,772^ (#.%@% nufgL 6,43,59,98,515^ 3,46,61,76,081^ %.^% s'n ;DklQ 66,83,21,80,415^ 34,34,87,83,402^ ($.%&% s'n Aofh cfDbfgL 4,40,25,62,669^ 2,31,45,51,971^ ().@!% Aofh vr{ 2,69,04,93,522^ 1,12,51,11,225^ !#(.!#% v'b Aofh cfDbfgL 1,71,20,69,147^ 1,18,94,40,746^ $#.($% sldzg tyf z'Ns cfDbfgL 39,83,32,922^ 30,29,42,031^ #!.$(%

ljj/0f cfiff9 d;fGt @)&$ #^ cfiff9 d;fGt @)&# #^ km/s

s'n cfDbfgL 2,11,04,02,069^ 1,49,23,82,777^ $!.$!%

sd{rf/L tyf ;~rfng vr{ 89,50,42,492^ 54,40,79,812^ ^$.%!%

v'b gf]S;fgL Joj:yf 67,03,04,509^ -3,04,90,752_^ @,@(*.#(%

s/ tyf af]g; cufl8sf] gfkmf 56,33,44,414^ 99,11,43,478^ -$#.!^_%

v'b gfkmf 41,34,08,381^ 70,78,40,700^ -$!.^)_%

lgis[o shf{ k|ltzt &.$(% ).(!% -&@#.)*_%

k"FhL kof{Kttf cg'kft -k|ltzt_ !).&!% !!.(@% -!).!%_% #NFRS nfu" x'g'eGbf cufl8sf] 9fFrfdf

-v_ cfly{s jif{ @)&$÷)&% sf] ljQLo l:ylt ?k}ofFdf

ljj/0f cfiff9 d;fGt @)&% __^ cfiff9 d;fGt @)&$ __ -k'gM:yflkt_ km/s

r'Qmf k"FhL 4,67,98,53,150 #^ 4,67,90,58,200^ 0.02%

hu]8f sf]if 3,80,66,39,375^ 2,45,83,84,824^ 54.84%

lgIf]k 63,43,05,44,471^ 58,79,50,94,313^ 7.88%

s'n shf{ 55,82,89,88,256^ 48,83,27,49,466^ 14.33%

nufgL 8,71,17,63,005^ 5,92,57,50,304^ 47.02%

s'n ;DklQ 73,46,14,67,335^ 67,67,39,45,207^ 8.55%

s'n Aofh cfDbfgL 6,73,26,53,002^ 4,49,74,63,773^ 49.70%

Aofh vr{ 5,11,99,60,245^ 2,69,04,93,522^ 90.30%

v'b Aofh cfDbfgL 1,61,26,92,757^ 1,80,69,70,251^ - 10.75_%

sldzg tyf z'Ns cfDbfgL 59,45,04,416^ 44,78,84,081^ 32.74%

s'n cfDbfgL 2,20,71,97,173^ 2,25,48,54,332^ - 2.11_%

sd{rf/L tyf ;~rfng vr{ 1,55,98,13,758^ 94,83,02,950^ 64.48%

v'b gf]S;fgL Joj:yf - 1,13,63,29,751_^ 66,68,59,403^ - 270.40_%

s/ tyf af]g; cufl8sf] gfkmf 1,98,82,40,896^ 69,39,53,099^ 186.51%

v'b gfkmf 1,34,15,16,334^ 50,58,67,992^ 165.19%

lgis[o shf{ k|ltzt #.*&% &.$(% - 48.33_%

k"FhL kof{Kttf cg'kft -k|ltzt_ !!.!% !).&!% 4.39% _ NFRS_ cg';f/ # ¿=&,($,(%).– sn Og P8efG; ;d]t

cfGtl/s Pj+ afx\o nufgL cfslif{t ug{ ePsf gLltut Pj+ sfg"gL ;'wf/sf] kl/0ffd:j¿k lbuf], ;dfj]zL Pj+ pRr cfly{s j[l4sf] jftfj/0f ljsf; x'Fb} hfg] ljifodf ljZj:t x'g;Sg] cj:yf lgdf{0f ePsf] 5. cfly{s jif{ @)&$÷&% df pkef]Qmf d'b|f:kmLlt $=@ k|ltztdf /x]sf] lyof] eg] cfly{s jif{ @)&%÷&^ df cf};t pkef]Qmf d'b|f:kmLlt $=% k|ltzt /x]sf] 5.

cfly{s jif{ @)&$÷&% df s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbg ^=# k|ltztn] j[l4 ePsf]df cfly{s jif{ @)&%÷&^ df ^=* k|ltzt /xg] cg'dfg 5.

cfly{s jif{ @)&%÷&^ df df};d cg's"n x'g'sf] ;fy} l;rfO{ ;'ljwfdf ePsf] j[l4 / /f;folgs dn, aLp aLhgsf] ;xh pknAwtfn] s[lif If]qsf] pTkfbg / pTkfbsTjdf j[l4 x'g ;s]sf] 5. u}/ s[lif If]qnfO{ pmhf{ If]qsf] lj:tf/ Pj+ ljB'tsf] lgoldt pknAwtf, k'glg{df0f tyf cGo ef}lts k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f sfo{df ePsf] tLj|tf, cf}Bf]lus If]qdf ePsf] pTkfbg j[l4, ko{6ssf] cfudgdf pT;fxhgs j[l4, lgdf{0f ;fdu|L tyf sRrf kbfy{sf] a9\bf] cfoftsf]] sf/0f :jb]zL j:t'x¿sf] pTkfbgdf ePsf] j[l4 h:tf sf/0fn] g]kfnsf] cfly{s j[l4b/ pRr x'g] / b]zn] cËLsf/ u/]sf] æ;d[4 g]kfn, ;'vL g]kfnLÆ sf] gf/f ;kmnLe"t x'g] ljZjf; xfdLn] lnPsf 5f}F.

cGt/f{li6«o cfly{s kl/b[ZonfO{ lgofNbf rLg / cd]l/sfaLrsf] Jofkf/ ljjfb, o"/f]k]nL cy{tGqdf cfPsf] lzlyntf, gofF pT;h{g dfkb08 cjnDagsf] sf/0f hd{gLsf] Jofj;flos, cf}Bf]lus / vf;u/L sf/ pTkfbgdf b]lvPsf] Jojwfg O6fnLsf] nufgLdf cfPsf] sdL / hfkfgsf] cy{tGqdf k|fs[lts k|sf]kaf6 k/]sf] c;/ h:tf sf/0fx¿n] ;g\ @)!* df #=^ k|ltztn] j[l4 ePsf] ljZj cy{tGq ;g\ @)!( df #=# k|ltztdf /xg] k|If]k0f ul/Psf] 5.

oBlk rLg / ef/tsf] cfly{s j[l4b/ ;g\ @)!* df qmdzM ^=^ / ^=* k|ltzt /x]sf]df ;g\ @)!( df qmdzM ^=@ / & k|ltzt /xg] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5.

!#= k|fb]lzs tyf zfvf sfof{no ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGq g]kfnsf] /fHo ;+/rgfleq ;+3, & k|b]z / &%# :yfgLo tx /x]sf / a}+ssf] j[l4 ePsf] k"FhL cg'kftdf ;a} txdf zfvf ;~hfn lj:tf/ u/L Jofkf/ Joj;fo a9fOg] of]hgf cg'¿k xfn a}+ssf] zfvf !# c~rn $^ lhNnfx¿df lj:tf/ u/L !@) k'¥ofOPsf] 5. k|To]s cfly{s jif{df pko'Qm :yfgsf] 5gf}6 u/L Go"gtd !% j6f zfvf lj:tf/ ug]{ / k|To]s c~rn tyf lhNnfx¿df a}+ssf] zfvf lj:tf/ ug]{ nIo lnOPsf] 5.

æsÆ ju{sf jfl0fHo a}+sx¿n] @)&% kf}if d;fGt;Dddf k|To]s k|b]zdf Ps÷Ps j6fsf b/n] k|fb]lzs sfof{nox¿ :yfkgf ug'{kg]{ g]kfn /fi6« a}+ssf] lgb]{zg cg';f/ k|b]z cGtu{tsf zfvfx¿;Fusf] ;dGjo, lgu/fgL, ;+:yfut ;'zf;g, hf]lvd Joj:yfkg Pj+ u'gf;f] ;'g'jfO h:tf sfo{x¿ ug]{ u/L & j6} k|b]zdf k|fb]lzs sfof{no ;~rfngdf NofOPsf] 5. ;fy}, g]kfn /fi6« a}+sn] &%# j6} :yfgLo txdf jfl0fHo a}+sx¿sf] zfvf ;~rfng ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf cGtu{t o; a}+snfO{ tf]lsPsf] !& :yfgx¿df zfvf ;~rfngdf NofO;lsPsf] Joxf]/f klg hfgsf/L u/fpFb5f}F.

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!%= dfgj ;+zfwg hgzlQm Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL egf{, 5gf}6, lgo'lQm, kb:yfkg, ;?jf, a9'jf, j[lQ ljsf;, sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍg, k'/:sf/ tyf ;hfo / >d;DaGwL of]hgf, gLlt tyf dfkb08x¿ kfl/>lds lgwf{/0f gLlt, sd{rf/L gLlt tyf sfo{/t sd{rf/L ;+/rgfsf] ;dLIff ug]{ sfo{x¿df ;~rfns ;ldltnfO{ ;xof]u tyf l;kmfl/z ug{ u}/–sfo{sf/L ;~rfnssf] ;+of]hsTjdf sd{rf/L ;]jf ;'ljwf ;ldlt u7g eO{ sfo{ x'Fb} cfPsf] 5.

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cfly{s jif{ @)&$÷&% sf] cGTo;Dddf a}+sdf sd{rf/Lx¿sf] ;+Vof hDdf !@&$ lyof]. a}+ssf] dfgj ;+;fwgsf] cfwf/nfO{ ;'b[9 ug]{ sfo{nfO{ lgoldt k|lqmofsf] ¿kdf lnOPsf] 5. g]kfn /fi6« a}+saf6 hf/L PsLs[t lgb]{zgsf] Joj:yf adf]lhd sd{rf/Lx¿sf] bIftf clej[l4sf nflu k|To]s cfly{s jif{df ePsf] s'n sd{rf/L vr{sf] # k|ltzt /sd sd{rf/Lx¿sf] tflnd tyf j[lQ ljsf;df vr{ ug'{kg]{ x'G5. ;f]xL cg';f/ sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o tflnddf ;xefuL u/fO{ pgLx¿sf] Ifdtf clej[l4 ul/Psf] 5. rfn" cfly{s jif{sf] o; cjlw;Dd s'n sd{rf/L ;+Vof !@*^ /x]sf] 5.

;fy}, hgzlQm Joj:yfkg k|efjsf/L ¿kdf ug{sf nflu Employee By Laws, Employee Succession Planning – 2018, Staff Transfer and Rotation Guideline – 2018 / Staff Training Policy – 2019 th'{df u/L sfof{Gjogdf NofOPsf] 5.

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