Download Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology and more Exams Nutrition in PDF only on Docsity!
Esthetician State Board (New Jersey State Board) Exam
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What does RDA stand for? - ✔✔Recommended Dietary Allowances Fats should be how much of your diet? - ✔✔30% A good diet includes approx. how much protein? - ✔✔ 10 - 35% Body is how much water? - ✔✔2/ Define Hygiene. - ✔✔applied science that deals with healthful living. Public Hygiene. - ✔✔significantly helps promote and preserve the health of the community. Personal Hygiene - ✔✔Your personal system for maintaing your cleanliness and health. Halitosis - ✔✔bad breath What is Ergonomics - ✔✔a science used to study the relationship between people and their work enviornment. What is Carpal Tunnel Syndrome? - ✔✔Condition that can make your hands numb, and weak. What is nonverbal communication? - ✔✔Aka Body language. Define MIcrobiology - ✔✔study of small organisms called microbes.
Bacteria - ✔✔aka germs, or microbes. one celled microorganisms. Nonpathogenic - ✔✔Nondiesease-producing Pathogenic - ✔✔Disease producing Nonpathogenic Bacteria are approx. ___ of all bacteria. - ✔✔70% Saprophytes - ✔✔nonpathogenic bacteria that live on dead matter Bacteriology - ✔✔study of bacteria. What are the three basic shapes of bacteria? - ✔✔Circular, Rod, and Spiral Cocci - ✔✔Spherical or round shaped bacterial cells - can appear singularly or in groups. Staphylococci - ✔✔pus-forming bacterial cells that form grape like clusters. present in abcesses, pustules, and boils. Staphylococci can be in present in ..... - ✔✔abcesses, pustules, and boils Streptococci - ✔✔pus-forming bacterial cells that form long chains and can cause septicemia (blood poisoning) strept throat, rheumatic fever etc .. Diplococci - ✔✔grow in pairs. cause pneumonia Bacilli - ✔✔most common. bar or rod shaped. can cause influenza, tuberculosis
Infection - ✔✔occurs when pathogenic bacteria or virus enter body and multiply to the point of interfering with the bodys normal state. Tuberculosis - ✔✔contagious and potentially fatal infection caused by airborne bacteria that first affect the lungs. Local Infection - ✔✔small confined area indicated by a pus-filled boil, pimple, or inflammation. General or Systemic Infection - ✔✔occurs when circulatory system carries bacteria and their toxins to all parts of the body. Asymptomatic - ✔✔No recognizable symptoms Immunity - ✔✔bodys ability to destroy infectious agents that enter it. Natural Immunity - ✔✔partially inherited natural resistance to disease. Passive Immunity - ✔✔Occurs through vaccinations or the injections of antigens which stimulate the immune system Infection Control - ✔✔term used to describe efforts to prevent spread of disease and kill microbes. 3 levels of Infection Control - ✔✔Sanitation - Disinfection - Sterilization Sanitation - ✔✔lowest level of infection control. Physical removal of debris, REDUCES the number of microbes present Also removes organic debris such as blood, and skin particles. Disinfection - ✔✔2nd level of infection control - using products that kill or destroy bacteria and a broad spectrum of viruses.
Disinfection products claim to kill/destroy bacteria therefore most of these products are toxic and regulated by law through which government agency? - ✔✔EPA Environmental Protection Agency OSHA - ✔✔Occupational Safety and Health Administration - regulating agency under the department of labor that enforces safety and health standards in the workplace MSDS - ✔✔Material Safety Data Sheets provides key information on a specific product regarding ingredients associated hazards combustion levels and storage requirements. Antiseptic - ✔✔prevent growth of microorganisms on the skin Sterilization - ✔✔eliminates ALL living organisms on non-porous surfaces including bacterial spores that adhere to surgical implements in medical treatment rooms Efficacy - ✔✔ability to produce results or effectiveness EPA - ✔✔approves efficacy of products used for infection control QUATS - ✔✔Quaternary Ammonium Germicidal Detergent Solution --- sold as disinfectants are anti fungal, antibacterial, and antiviral but typically NOT sporicidal, or tuberculocidal. Good for floors, walls/ Effective against hiv, and HBV Sodium Hypochlorite - ✔✔Liquid chlorine disinfectant found in household bleach Autoclave - ✔✔pressurized, steam heated vessel that sterilizes objects with high pressure and heat preventing microorganisms from surviving Chemiclave - ✔✔machine that sterilizes surgical implements with high-pressure high temp. water alcohol and formaldehyde vapors
Nucleus - ✔✔control center of a cell - controls cell reproduction, growth, and metabolism Cytoplasm - ✔✔production department - site of most chemical activities with in the cell. Organelles - ✔✔located within the cytoplasm - store nutrients and repair and restore the cell Cell Membrane - ✔✔Outer surface and enclosing structure of the cell Cells make up ____ - ✔✔Tissues Tissues make up - ✔✔Organs Organs make up - ✔✔Systems Metabolism - ✔✔chemical process by which cells receive nutrients for cell growth and reproduction ( 2phases anabolism & catabolism) Anabolism - ✔✔process of building up larger molecules from smaller ones. During this phase body stores water food and oxygen Catabolism - ✔✔process of breaking down larger molecules or substances into smaller ones. releases energy within the cell which is necessary for the performance of specific body function ex:muscular movement / digestion What are the 5 primary types of tissues? - ✔✔Epithelial - Connective - Nerve - Muscular - Liquid Epithelial Tissue - ✔✔covers and protects body surfaces and internal organs
Connective Tissue - ✔✔supports, protects and holds the body together Nerve Tissue - ✔✔carries messages to and from the brain, and coordinates body functions Muscular Tissue - ✔✔contracts when stimulated to produce motion Liquid tissue - ✔✔carries food, waste products, and hormones Name 10 body systems - ✔✔Muscular - Circulatory - Respiratory - Endocrine - Digestive - Skeletal - Integumentary - Reproductive - Excretory - Nervous How many bones in the human body? - ✔✔ 206 Osteology - ✔✔study of bones How many bones in the skull? - ✔✔ 22 -- two sets of bones that form the skull - eight bones make up the cranium and 14 bones make up the facial skeleton Parietal bone - ✔✔form the crown and upper sides of the head Sphenoid - ✔✔located behind the eyes nose and connects all the bones of the cranium Ethmoid - ✔✔spongy bone between eyes that forms part of the nasal cavity Lacrimal - ✔✔smallest two bones of the facial skeleton and form the front part of the inner bottom wall of the eye socket Cervical Vertebrae - ✔✔seven bones that form the top part of the spinal column
insertion - ✔✔portion of the muscle joined to movable attachments Massage movements should be done from ... - ✔✔insertion to origin Circulatory System - ✔✔aka vascular system - controls circulation of blood and lymph through body Cardiovascular system - ✔✔including heart arteries veins and capillaries circulates the blood Lymph Vascular - ✔✔circulates lymph through lymph glands, nodes, and vessels blood - ✔✔sticky, salty fluid circulates through body bringing nourishment and oxygen to all body parts and carrying toxins and waste to liver and kidneys Red blood cells are also known as? What do they do? - ✔✔Erythrocytes or red corpuscles. carry oxygen and contain protein called hemoglobin What is hemoglobin? - ✔✔attract oxygen molecules through a process known as oxygenation White Blood cells are also called? And what do they do? - ✔✔Leucocytes - they help protect the body by fighting bacteria and other foreign substances and they increase in number when infection invades the body Blood Platelets aka? what do they do? - ✔✔Thrombocytes begin the process of coagulation when exposed to air or trauma to the skin tissue Plasma - ✔✔fluid part of the blood in which red and white blood cells and blood platelets are suspended
. 90% water
Arteries - ✔✔tubular elastic thick-walled branching vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart through the body What is the central nervous system composed of? - ✔✔Brain and spinal cord controls all voluntary and involuntary body action Sensory Nerves - ✔✔aka afferent nerves -- carry messages TO the brain and spinal cord Motor Nerves - ✔✔Efferent - carry message FROM the brain TO the muscles -- Reacting takes (EFFORT)ERENT fifth cranial nerve - ✔✔Trigeminal or Trifacial - sensory nerve - chief sensory nerve of the face -- sensations of face tongue and teeth Seventh cranial nerve - ✔✔facial - motor nerve - chief motor nerve of the face. motion of the face, scalp, neck, ear, and sections of the palate and tongue Eleventh Cranial Nerve - ✔✔Accessory nerve - motor nerve - motion of neck muscles What are the primary glands of the integumentary system? - ✔✔Sebaceous (oil) and sudoriferous (sweat) glands Direct Current - ✔✔constant current in which electrons move at an even rate and flow in only one direction Alternating Current - ✔✔is a rapid oscillating current cycle that alternates back and forth allowing electrons to flow first in one direction and then in the other The power that skin care equipment puts out is measured in .... - ✔✔milliamperes what does pH stand for? - ✔✔potential hydrogen
what is adipose? - ✔✔fatty tissue Are there blood Vessels in the epidermis yes or no? - ✔✔No What is the epidermis composed of? - ✔✔Keratinocytes and epithelial cells Stratum Corneum - ✔✔toughest layer of the epidermis Squamous Cells - ✔✔protect layers below stratum corneum main function is PROTECTION Stratum lucidum - ✔✔found throughout body thickest on palms of hands, and soles of feet. transparent layer that lies between stratum corneum and stratum granulosum Statum Granulosum - ✔✔dying cells on their way to the skins surface to replace cells that are shed from the statrum corneum Langerhan Cells - ✔✔found in spinosum layer and help protect the body from infection Where is melanin produced? - ✔✔Stratum germanativum / basal layer Dermis - ✔✔called true skin - 2 layers papillar dermis and recticular dermis Collagen - ✔✔protein substance when broken down forms bundles that strengthen and give structure to skin found in bone cartilage, tendons, and other connective tissues major component in wound healing and scar formation Excessive amounts of collagen may produce ... - ✔✔keloids Mast cells - ✔✔cells respond to allergies by releasing small granules called histamines
Papillary Dermis - ✔✔lies directly below epidermis rich in blood vessels and capillaries provide nutrients to the upper layer Meissners Corpuscles - ✔✔in dermal layer - light pressure and cold receptors Ruffinis Corpuscles - ✔✔long term pressure and heat receptors Pacinian Corpuscles - ✔✔deep pressure and pain receptors Krauses End bubls - ✔✔Pressure and pain receptors Reticular Dermis - ✔✔lowest layer of dermis - direct contact with subcutaneous layer contains fewer blood vessels Apocrine glands - ✔✔sweat glands located under arms, genitals, and nipples odorless substance triggered by emotions rather than by hormones --- eventually develop an odor as the attack bacteria on the surface of the skin Eccrine glands - ✔✔located throughout the entire body and are most abundant on the forehead, palms of hands, and soles of feet NOT ASSOCIATED WITH HAIR FOLLICLES - influenced by heart rate, blow flow, sweating, and faster respiration Androgen - ✔✔male hormone present in men and women What are the 5 types of tissue found in the skin - ✔✔Epithelial (epidermis) Connective (Dermis) Muscular (muscles) Nerve (nerves) Liquid (blood and lymph) Fibroblast cells - ✔✔produce collagen and elastin
Wheal - ✔✔solid formation above skin often caused by insect bite Macule - ✔✔discoloraiton on skins surface (large freckle) Miliaria Rubra - ✔✔acute burning itching rash caused by excessive heat Intrinsic Aging - ✔✔skins natural aging process - genetic composition of our skin type and color Extrinsic Aging - ✔✔caused by external factors that are in an individuals control such as sun exposure, smoking, and alcohol WHat is the number one factor in extrinsic aging? - ✔✔SUN EXPOSURE !! What is the fitzpatrick scale? - ✔✔system for classifying skin types according to their tolerance of and reaction to ultraviolet radiation What is the name for the study of hair - ✔✔trichology Where does the hair follicle orginate? - ✔✔Dermis Hair follicle is rooted in? - ✔✔dermal papilla bulb Capilli - ✔✔hair that grows on scalp Barba - ✔✔beard hair Cillia - ✔✔eyelash hair Supercillia - ✔✔eyebrow hair
Lanugo - ✔✔soft downy hair on the body at birth vellus - ✔✔thin soft unpigmented hair covering body terminal - ✔✔thicker pigmented hair that grows on body after puberty Anagen - ✔✔phase hair actively grows Catagen - ✔✔hair begins to destroy itself as it disconnects from the papilla Telogen - ✔✔hair sheds and the follicle rests and prepares to resume the anagen phase Primary Colors/ pure colors - ✔✔Red Yellow and Blue Secondary COlors - ✔✔orange green and violet Tertiary Colors - ✔✔yellow-orange, yellow-green, blue-green, blue-violet, red-violet, red-orange Color Wheel - ✔✔tool in which the 12 colors 3 primary - 3 secondary, 6 tertiary are positioned in a circle Complementary Color - ✔✔uses colors that are directly across from each other on the color wheel in order to achieve greatest amount of contrast Hue - ✔✔another term for color Tint - ✔✔hue with white added
Creme to powder foundation - ✔✔provide minimum coverage -- natural effect Liquid foundation - ✔✔most common - sheer natural coverage and are easy to apply and blend creme foundation - ✔✔heavier consistency used when additional coverage is needed require more blending pancake, panstick or grease paint - ✔✔oil based used for heavy coverage applied with damp sponge Concealers are available in what forms? - ✔✔creme, liquid, stick, and pot formulations How much space between well-spaced eyes? - ✔✔width of one eye between Mascara - ✔✔defines, thickens, and lengthens eyelashes Eyeliner - ✔✔used to accent and emphasize shape and size of eyes Tabbing - ✔✔applying individual eyelashes Why is lipliner used? - ✔✔to define shape of lips, and to prevent lipstick from blending Toner - ✔✔purifies and balances skins ph levels moisturizer - ✔✔replenishes moisture or oil protects skin exfoliator - ✔✔removes excess surface skin cells
purpose of - ✔✔conceals or neutralizes discolorations lip color provides - ✔✔color and texture to lips What is the first step before beginning a makeup application - ✔✔wash and sanitize hands before and after every client When should you disinfect brushes for a makeup service - ✔✔after every client What is your primary goal when applying makeup? - ✔✔enhance and improve clients appearance First step is skin care regimen? - ✔✔Cleansing skin Clay/ mud mask purpose, who for - ✔✔absorb excess oil tighten, and refine pores, and aid in preventing clogging -- oily acne skin type creme mask purpose who for? - ✔✔ideal for dry skin - rich in moisturizers, humectants, and other nutrient rich ingredients such as vitamins Modeling Masks - ✔✔mixed with water and applied in a thick consistency to face can be pulled in one piece lock in moisture and make skin feel taut after removal Paraffin masks - ✔✔applied over thin layer of gauze -- warmth of wax increases circulation and promotes penetration of any nutrients or ingredients that were applied underneath Massage - ✔✔method of manipulating body by pinching, rubbing, tapping, kneading or stroking with hands fingers, or an instrument Effeurage - ✔✔light, relaxing, smooth gentle stroking or circular manipulation - purpose is o soothe muscles and relax sensory nerve endings
