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HESI DENTAL HYGIENE EXAM 2025/2026 TEST
QUESTIONS STUDY GUIDE WITH CORRECT VERIFIED
ANSWERS
Under which classification of gingival diseases and conditions is puberty-associated gingivitis found? Plaque-Induced Gingival diseases modified by systemic factors A patient presents with a short, thick lingual frenum that results in limited tongue movement affecting speech. Which is the most likely diagnosis of this condition? Ankyloglossia When is tooth eruption complete? Tooth has made contact with its antagonists in opposing jaw When does mixed dentition begin? Eruption of first permanent tooth How many succedaneous teeth are in permanent dentition? 20 The junction of a buccal and lingual triangular ridge is a transverse ridge. The oblique ridge of a maxillary molar is an example of a transverse ridge. The first statement is true and the second is false Which factor makes aging enamel less susceptible to caries? reduced permeability Which groove is the most identifying characteristic of a three-cusp mandibular second premolar?
Distolingual Which is true regarding the height of contour? Greatest elevation of tooth either incisocervically or occlusocervically How many primary and permanent teeth are typically present in an eight yr old child? 14 primary; 10 permanent Which describes the junction of two surfaces of a crown? line angle Which G.V. Black classification involves the proximal surfaces of anterior teeth including the incised edge or angle? IV Which ridge is a unique characteristic of permanent maxillary molars? Oblique Which division of the fifth cranial nerve innervates the temporomandibular joint? Mandibular Facial paralysis can result from damage to the motor neurons of which cranial nerve? VII Which is the target area for the inferior alveolar nerve block? mandibular foramen on medial surface of mandible Which salivary gland is encapsulated? Sublingual Which type of joint is the temporomandibular? Synovial
Anti-HBs Which hypersensitivity reaction is an allergy to the natural rubber latex in examination gloves? I Which bacterial genus contains species that cause pneumatic fever, scarlet fever, and pharyngitis? Streptococcus Each of the following is an antituberculin agent EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION? A. Ethambutol B. Isoniazid C. Nizoral D. Rifampin C. Nizoral Which condition warrants antibiotic premedication? Repaired congenital heart disease It is noted the medical history the patient has mitral valve prolapse, a stent, pneumatic heart disease, and a renal dialysis shunt. For which condition does the patient require antibiotic predication? Renal dialysis shunt A patient's prescription has the abbreviation "qid" meaning? take medication four times a day Which schedule of controlled substance is indicated when a prescription states "NO REFILLS" schedule II controlled substance Which vitamin deficiency results from long-term recreational abuse of nitrous oxide?
Cobalamin (vitamin B-12) Each of the following is a calcium blocking agent EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? Propranolol (adrenergic blocking agent which reduces high blood pressure) Which food is a good source of vitamin K? Kale! ;milk is an excellent source of calcium; strawberries & sweet potatoes are rich in vitamin c Which medication is administered to manage an acute asthma attack? Albuterol short acting bronchodilator results in an immediate response to an acute asthma attack Lipitor is a/an statin (lowers cholesterol levels) Consuming foods high in retinol will help prevent night blindness because vitamin D helps absorb calcium. Both the statement and reason are correct but not related. Consuming foods high in retinol will help prevent night blindness. Vitamin D DOES help absorb calcium. Which meal lacks an excellent source of vitamin C? Steak, brown rice, and corn Although corn has some vitamin C, it is not an excellent source as provided from broccoli, strawberries, and cantaloupe Which element is found in proteins and not carbohydrates?
Basal cell carcinoma Basal cell carcinoma is a skin tumor often found the face or lips, not the oral cavity. Which infectious disease is NOT caused by the coxsackievirus? Verruca vulgaris Verruca vulgaris is an oral wart caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV) In which region does an early symptom of measles appear? Buccal mucosa A pregnant woman reports a freely moveable, deep red tissue mass, which extends from the labial gingival between maxillary right premolars. The surface of the lesion is ulcerated and bleeds easily. A histologic analysis indicates the lesion is composed of connective tissue, capillaries, and inflammatory cells. Which best defines the lesion? Pyogenic granuloma A patient's buccal mucosa exhibits tiny white nodules connected by slender raised lines in a lace-like pattern. This finding is a clinical manifestation of lichen plants The parents of a 7 yr old are concerned by the development a soft, blue, vesicle-like swelling on the gingiva where tooth #8 is expected to erupt. No significant radiographic findings exist other than the partial eruption of tooth #8. Which course of action is recommended? No treatment is required; the cyst will dissipate naturally. Which best describes the etiology of pemphigus vulgaris? Autoimmune response The most common tumor of the salivary glands is ranula. A ranula is clinically found on the floor of the mouth.
The first statement is false, the second is true. During pregnancy, when do most embryonic cleft malformations occur? First trimester Where is chronic atrophic candidiasis most likely found? Palate Which description best explains the phenomenon of referred pain? Convergence of sensory nerve impulses Which results will ensue if a kilovolt peak (kVp) below 65 is used when exposing radiographs? Exposure to radiation is increased Each of the following compounds is used to fluoridate domestic water systems EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? A. Acidulated phosphate B. Hydrofluorosilicic acid C. Sodium fluoride D. Sodium silicofluoride Acidulated phosphate Acidulated phosphate is an in-office, professional topical fluoride. Most dental sealants places are self cured because this process allows for a longer working time for the operator. NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct. Each of the following patients would benefit from prescription fluoride supplements EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? 33 yr old female in her second trimester of pregnancy who drinks unfluoridated water.
The Hepatitis B airs (HBV) is transmitted through ingestion of foods or water contaminated by an infected person. The Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through blood, blood products, or body fluids. Both statements are false. It's swapped. The Hepatitis A virus is transmitted through ingestion of foods or water contaminated by an infected person. The HBV virus is transmitted through blood. Which pathogen is transmitted via inhalation of airborne droplet nuclei? Mycobacterium tuberculosis Each of the following medical emergencies indicates administration of oxygen EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION? Hyperventilation Which sounds results from a bronchospasm that occurs during an asthmatic attack? Wheezing Which oral physiotherapy is indicated for a patient with type I embrasures? Dental floss The exaggerated inflammatory response of gingival tissues to local irritants that can occur during pregnancy is commonly known as pregnancy gingivitis. This exaggerated response of gingival tissues is sue to an increase in the systemic level of the hormone testosterone. The first statement is true and the second is false Where on the learning-ladder continuum does a patient recognize a problem and indicate a tentative inclination toward action? Self-interest Where on the learning-ladder continuum does a patient institute a new behavior?
Action Where on the learning-ladder continuum is the patient motivated to act on the information provided? Involvement Dental needles are available in three lengths: long, short, and ultrashort. The lower the cause number of the needle, the smaller the diameter of the lumen The first statement is true and the second is false Which is the most common desensitizing agent found in over-the-counter dentifrices? Potassium nitrate Pain threshold is the point at which an uncomfortable stimulus is perceived as painful. Pain tolerance is the maximum amount of pain a person can tolerate. Both statements are true. Which preservative ingredient is in local anesthesics? Sodium bisulfite Which strategy should be implemented for a patient who presents with a sustain blood pressure reading of 160/100 mm Hg with no previous history of hypertension? Postpone treatment and refer patient to physician of record. Which oral hygiene index included all teething the assessment and is used for plaque visualization and oral hygiene motivation? O'Leary's Plaque Control Record Which is classified as an acquired disability? Multiple sclerosis (MS) Which is a developmental disability?
Which bony structure is initially destroyed by periodontitis? Cortical plate of interdental septum The initial examination of a 45 yr old female reveals localized advanced periodontitis. Which is the initial treatment? Nonsurgical periodontal therapy Which periodontal disease does NOT benefit from systemic antibiotic treatment? Localized advanced chronic Which sequence of debridement is recommended for moderate periodontitis (Case type III)? Quadrant scaling and root planing in four treatment appointments At which interval of maintenance treatment, in months, does the long-term success of nonsurgical periodontal therapy rely? 3 months An assessment of the patient's dentition reveals the presence of a large amalgam overhang. Radiographic evidence confirms that nearly two-thirds of the inter-proximal embrasure space is obstructed by amalgam. Which procedure is indicated? Replacement of restoration Which is true regarding sutures? Sutures are always knotted buccal surfaces Periodontal dressings are used to stop gingival bleeding after periodontal surgery. Surgical wounds heal more quickly when protected by a periodontal dressing. Both statements are false Which are side effects of locally administered antibiotics? Nonexistent
Which periodontal probing depth is recorded when the 3mm mark is just barely covered? 4mm The patient's periodontal evaluation reveals a localized 6mm probe reading accompanied by 3mm of recession and 1mm of mesiolingual mobility. Which figure in mm represents the clinical attachment loss? 9 mm CAL From which approach is the missal furcation of tooth #3 examined? Palatal Which assesses fremitus? Clinician's index finger Each oral finding is within normal limits EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? Ranula In which position is the hard and soft palate most visible? Supine; head tilted back and mouth wide open Which is the most common site for intraoral cancer? Lateral border of tongue Which extra-oral projection is used to evaluate skeletal relationships prior to orthodontic treatment? Lateral cephalometric Which classification does the ASA assign a patient with controlled angina pectoris? III The vast majority of disabled individuals earn a middle-class income. The cost of dental treatment is manageable for most patients with disabilities.
Financial details and method of payment Each of the following is a concept dental professionals should embrace EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? Compliance with self-referral The dental hygienist speaks privately with the dentist regarding over-prescribing radiographs for a patient. Which ethnical responsibility dos this acknowledge? Autonomy Which communication technique is most beneficial when addressing an ethical concern with the dentist? Provide sound scientific evidence The dental hygienist attempts to view the dentist's directive to expose radiographs every six months. Which is evident? Empathy Dental professionals who volunteer their time and services for nonprofit are exempt from liability. Dental professional who treat family members at no charge are giving a gift that is not subject to malpractice action or damage award. Both statements are false How long should a minor's records be kept? Until a child reaches age of majority Which is the best reason to maintain a separate incident file for documenting irrational or belligerent patient behavior? Dentist-client-attorney privilege The dentist cannot be held liable for acts by employees because the patient must prove the dentist knew the employee was incompetent.
The statement is not correct but the reason is correct The dentist can be held liable for acts or omission by employees. In cases of negligent hiring and retention, the patient must prove the dentist knew or should have known the employee was incompetent. Which is NOT a purpose for accurate chart documentation? Genetic mapping Two-tone disclosing solution is used to assess the patient's overall home-care routine. Violet- blue pigment stains the lingual surfaces of the MD premolars, which are tilted lingually towards the prominent MD tori. All other tooth surfaces are clean and unstained. Which brushing modification will likely produce an improvement? Augment current routine with a child-size toothbrush and area-specific instruction Which instruction is NOT recommended fo maintenance of a pariah denture with clasps? Soak partial denture overnight in a dilute sodium hypochlorite solution Which toothbrushing method is most effective for cleaning around fixed orthodontic appliances? Charter The Charter method effectively cleans around fixed orthodontic appliances because the toothbrush bristles are positions in an occlusal, rather than sulcular direction. A patient in her second trimester of pregnancy experiences severe muring sickness. Which should the patient do immediately after vomiting> Rinse mother-in-law thoroughly with a solution of baking soda and water
The thin layer of uncured resin which forms on the surface of a newly-cured sealant should be removed with gauze or a cotton roll because this oxygen-inhibited layer is harmful to the patient The statement is correct, but the reason is NOT Each of the following can be recommended a fluoride rincse EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? 4 yr old female with visible heavy plaque and clinical evidence of incipient caries Which instruction supports proper moth protector (athletic mouthguard) home care? clean with a toothbrush and liquid soap The operator is cautioned to close his or her eyes when curing materials because direct exposure to the intense blue light may damage the retina. The statement is NOT correct but the reason is correct Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) is a wifely used chemotherapeutic rinse proven effective in reducing plaque and gingivitis. Chlorhexidine gluconate is effective against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria Both statements are true Which is NOT a local functional factor that contributes to the retention of dental biofilm? tooth anatomy tooth anatomy is a local predisposing factor, not a functional factor that contributes to biofilm retention. Locally administered antimorcrobials places in a periodontally diseased pocket have proven to produce a positive change in the health of the periodontist. Locally administered antimicrobials are designed to be applied in periodontal pockets 5 mm or greater. Both statements are true
According to the Classification System of the American Academy of Periodontology, which classification of periodontal diseases is generalized aggressive periodontitis? III Interdental vertical bony defects are typically visible on radiographs. The occurrence of interdental vertical bony defects decreases with age. The first statement is true and the second is false Visibility of the tooth root may be an esthetic concern for a patient following periodontal surgery. Exposed root surfaces in the oral cavity may lead to dentinal hypersensitivity and an increased risk for developing root caries. Both statement are true. In relation to disease transmission, which describes an improperly stored toothbrush? Fomite A fomite is an inanimate object capable of transmitting infectious agents. A host is a living organism that can be infected by an infectious agent. A vector is disease transmission from host to host. A pathogen is antinfectious agent. Which statement indicates the dental hygienist is making a dental diagnosis "an over-the-counter mouthguard would help relieve your TMJ discomfort" Which correctly defines the concept of ionization? An electron is removed from the orbital by binding energy At which locality are x-ray photons created inside the dental X-ray tube? Anode Increasing the exposure time on the x-ray control panel will have the same affect not he resultant image as increasing which other radiation control?
