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HESI A2 BIOLOGY EXAM WITH 300+ QUESTIONS & CORRECT ANSWERS WITH DETAILED ANSWER KEY BELO, Exams of Biology

York UniversityBiology

HESI A2 BIOLOGY EXAM WITH 300+ QUESTIONS & CORRECT ANSWERS WITH DETAILED ANSWER KEY BELOW THE DOCUMENT

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2024/2025

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HESI A2 BIOLOGY EXAM WITH 300+ QUESTIONS &
CORRECT ANSWERS WITH DETAILED ANSWER KEY
BELOW THE DOCUMENT
1. A patient receives an antibiotic for symptoms of the flu. Why doesn’t the medication work?
a. The medication is for a different type of flu.
b. The medication is not suitable for treating the flu.
c. The medication is not a strong enough dosage amount to cure the patient.
d. None of the above
The correct answer is B. Antibiotics are used for treating bacterial infections, but the flu is caused by a
virus. Although symptoms can be similar in case of a cold (bacteria) or the flu (virus), viruses cannot be
treated using antibiotics.
2. The nucleus is important in a cell because:
a. It stores the DNA
b. It supports the cell
c. It makes protein
d. It makes energy out of food
The correct answer is A. The nucleus is the “brain” of the cell and stores the DNA. A cell wall supports
the cell (only if it is a plant). The ribosomes make protein and the mitochondria makes energy.
3. Cellular respiration happens so that
a. Cells can copy DNA
b. Cells can breathe
c. Cells can convert nutrients to energy
d. Cells can divide
The correct answer is C. The term respiration typically triggers thoughts of breathing, but in this case, it
is referring to the process cells undergo to convert nutrients into ATP. Copying DNA is transcription and
translation. Cells themselves cannot breathe. Cell division is mitosis or meiosis, depending on the type of
cell.
4. Anaerobic respiration happens in _ because _ .
a. Animals; they need energy
b. Plants; they use sunlight
c. Bacteria; they live in environments with low oxygen.
d. None of the above
The correct answer is C. Animals and plants both use aerobic respiration because they have access to
oxygen. Bacteria typically live in environments with little to no oxygen and must still produce energy to
survive.
5. All bacteria are bad and always cause infections.
a. True
b. False
The correct answer is B. Bacteria can be good, such as the bacteria in the intestines. This bacterium
can become problematic if it travels to a location other than where it belongs. Pathogenic bacteria are bad
and can cause infections, but not all bacteria are this type.
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Download HESI A2 BIOLOGY EXAM WITH 300+ QUESTIONS & CORRECT ANSWERS WITH DETAILED ANSWER KEY BELO and more Exams Biology in PDF only on Docsity!

HESI A2 BIOLOGY EXAM WITH 300+ QUESTIONS &

CORRECT ANSWERS WITH DETAILED ANSWER KEY

BELOW THE DOCUMENT

  1. A patient receives an antibiotic for symptoms of the flu. Why doesn’t the medication work? a. The medication is for a different type of flu. b. The medication is not suitable for treating the flu. c. The medication is not a strong enough dosage amount to cure the patient. d. None of the above The correct answer is B. Antibiotics are used for treating bacterial infections, but the flu is caused by a virus. Although symptoms can be similar in case of a cold (bacteria) or the flu (virus), viruses cannot be treated using antibiotics.
  2. The nucleus is important in a cell because: a. It stores the DNA b. It supports the cell c. It makes protein d. It makes energy out of food The correct answer is A. The nucleus is the “brain” of the cell and stores the DNA. A cell wall supports the cell (only if it is a plant). The ribosomes make protein and the mitochondria makes energy.
  3. Cellular respiration happens so that a. Cells can copy DNA b. Cells can breathe c. Cells can convert nutrients to energy d. Cells can divide The correct answer is C. The term respiration typically triggers thoughts of breathing, but in this case, it is referring to the process cells undergo to convert nutrients into ATP. Copying DNA is transcription and translation. Cells themselves cannot breathe. Cell division is mitosis or meiosis, depending on the type of cell.
  4. Anaerobic respiration happens in _ because _. a. Animals; they need energy b. Plants; they use sunlight c. Bacteria; they live in environments with low oxygen. d. None of the above The correct answer is C. Animals and plants both use aerobic respiration because they have access to oxygen. Bacteria typically live in environments with little to no oxygen and must still produce energy to survive.
  5. All bacteria are bad and always cause infections. a. True b. False The correct answer is B. Bacteria can be good, such as the bacteria in the intestines. This bacterium can become problematic if it travels to a location other than where it belongs. Pathogenic bacteria are bad and can cause infections, but not all bacteria are this type.
  1. Which of the following is not true about antibiotics? a. They can interfere with the bacteria’s ability to survive b. They can affect how bacteria multiply c. They can cause more bacteria to grow d. They only work on bacteria The correct answer is C. Antibiotics only work on bacteria by either blocking its ability to grow or multiply, or completely killing the bacteria cells.
  2. Prokaryotic cells: a. Have a nucleus b. Have a capsule c. Have membrane bound organelles d. Cannot move on their own The correct answer is B. Prokaryotic cells are simple, single celled organisms. They do not have a nucleus or membrane bound organelles. This type of cell can move on its own with a flagella or small hair-like fibers.
  3. Select the cell parts that are present in plant cells but not animal cells (there may be more than one answer): a. Cell membrane b. Cell wall c. Ribosome d. Chloroplast The correct answer is B and D. Both plant and animal cells have a cell membrane and ribosomes, however only plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts. The cell wall is necessary for maintaining the shape and structure of the plant. Chloroplasts are necessary for photosynthesis.
  4. Epithelial tissue can be found in: a. Organ lining b. Heart muscle c. Tendons d. Spinal cord The correct answer is A. Epithelial tissue is found in skin and all of the linings within the body. Heart muscle is muscle tissue, tendons are connective tissue and the spinal cord is nervous tissue.
  5. What are the three types of muscle tissue? a. Cardiac, spinal, stomach b. Smooth, skeletal, cardiac c. Neuron, epithelial, collagen d. None of the above The correct answer is B. Smooth muscle is found in organs like the stomach, where it is involuntarily controlled. Skeletal muscle is found in voluntary muscles, like the bicep or quadriceps. Cardiac muscle is found only in the heart walls and works involuntarily to make the heart beat and pump blood.
  1. Why can animal cells use a contractile ring but plant cells cannot? a. Plant cells can use both ways to divide b. Animal cells divide faster so it needs to pinch apart c. Plant cells are too rigid to use a contractile ring The correct answer is C. Animal cells are soft and squishy, which allows them to be pinched apart by a contractile ring, unlike rigid plant cells that must build a cell plate to divide.
  2. DNA bases include all but which of the following? a. Adenine b. Thymine c. Uracil d. Cytosine The correct answer is C. Uracil is a base found only in RNA.
  3. RNA bases include all but which of the following? a. Adenine b. Thymine c. Uracil d. Cytosine The correct answer is B. RNA uses uracil in place of thymine. Uracil would pair with adenine.
  4. Choose the two bases that are purines: a. A b. C c. T d. G The correct answer is A and D. Adenine and guanine are purines, which have two carbon rings.
  5. Choose the two bases that have two carbon rings: a. A b. C c. T d. G The correct answer is A and D. Adenine and guanine have two carbon rings and are called purines.
  6. C and T are known as: a. Purines b. Pyrimidines c. Both d. None of the above The correct answer is B. Cytosine and thymine are pyrimidines which have one carbon ring.
  7. Select the option that best shows complementary base pairing in DNA: a. A and G b. A and C c. A and A d. A and T The correct answer is D. A purine (A) must pair with a pyrimidine (T). This eliminates options A and C. Adenine can only pair with thymine because of their shape and bonding ability.
  1. Select the strand of DNA that would match this segment: ACTTGCA a. TGAACGT b. GACCATG c. ACTTGCA d. None of the above The correct answer is A. Purines must pair with pyrimidines in a specific way. A must pair with T; C must pair with G. So the complementary segment is TGAACGT.
  2. DNA is stored in: a. The nucleus b. Ribosomes c. Endoplasmic reticulum d. Mitochondria The correct answer is A. Ribosomes produce proteins. The endoplasmic reticulum carries proteins to other parts of the cell. Mitochondria breaks down sugar to create energy. The nucleus stores the DNA and controls the cell.
  3. Enzymes can _ reactions a. Catalyze b. Inhibit c. Stop d. None of the above The correct answer is A. Enzymes help to speed up reactions, not to inhibit or stop them.
  4. Enzymes are typically _ _. a. Fats b. Proteins c. Sugars d. Neurons The correct answer is B. Enzymes are usually made of proteins, but a few can also be RNA.
  5. Which of the following is not true about enzymes? a. They catalyze reactions b. They raise the activation energy needed c. They have an active site d. They are typically proteins The correct answer is B. Enzymes catalyze reactions, have an active site and are typically proteins. They also lower the activation energy needed for a reaction to occur, not raise it.
  6. Epithelial cells are: a. Polarized b. Neutral c. Larger than other cells d. None of the above The correct answer is A. Epithelial cells have a top and bottom side, which shows that they are polarized. These sides (apical and basal) serve different purposes.
  1. A pencil measures 8cm long. What is this in mm? a. 80 mm b. 800 mm c. .8 mm d. .08 mm The correct answer is A. When changing from centimeters to millimeters, the decimal point moves one place value to the right. It takes 10 millimeters to make 1 centimeter, so it would take 80 millimeters to make 8 centimeters.
  2. A scientist needs 12 mL of a solution. They have a bottle with 0.12L in it. Do they have enough? a. Yes, they have exactly what they need b. Yes, they have more than what they need c. No, they do not have enough d. None of the above The correct answer is B. 1 liter has 1000 milliliters in it. In order to convert from milliliters to liters, the decimal point would move three places to the left. So, the bottle has 120 mL of solution, a lot more than required 12 mL.
  3. The purpose of the mitochondria is: a. Control the cell b. Create energy c. Create proteins d. Package waste for removal The correct answer is B. The nucleus controls the cell. The mitochondria create energy. The ribosomes create proteins and lysosomes package waste.
  4. Which organelle is responsible for making proteins? a. Ribosome b. Chloroplast c. Lysosome d. Mitochondria The correct answer is A. The ribosomes create proteins. Chloroplasts convert sunlight to energy. Lysosomes package waste. The mitochondria create energy.
  5. Which of the following is false? a. Animal cells use lysosomes to break down old cells b. Animal cells use chloroplasts to gain energy c. Plant cells have a cell wall to maintain structure d. All of the above are true The correct answer is B. Animal cells do not have chloroplasts since they cannot synthesize energy from sunlight. Only plants can do this.
  1. Which of the following is always true about molecules? a. They can travel through all cell membranes b. They move from low concentration to high concentration without using energy c. They move from high concentration to low concentration without using energy d. They cannot move The correct answer is C. Molecules cannot travel through all types of membranes and they can move. Particles move from high to a low concentration to reach equilibrium. Molecules cannot move from a low to high concentration without outside energy like Active Transport.
  2. This type of passive transport uses proteins that change shape to move a target molecule through the membrane: a. Diffusion b. Carrier proteins c. Channel proteins d. None of the above The correct answer is B. Diffusion allows substances to move through the membrane in order to reach equilibrium. Channel proteins allow substances to flow through the membrane. Carrier proteins must change shape to allow only specific target molecules through the membrane.
  3. Phenotype refers to the _ of an individual. a. Genetic makeup b. Actual physical appearance c. Recessive alleles d. None of the above The correct answer is B. Genotype is the term for the actual genetic makeup of the individual, whereas phenotype is the physical expression of the genetics.
  4. When the genotype consists of a dominant and a recessive allele, the phenotype will be like the _ allele. a. Dominant b. Recessive c. Both d. Neither The correct answer is A. The dominant allele will be expressed in the phenotype in most basic cases. If there is codominance, both traits may be expressed.
  5. The fur color in a population of dogs is controlled by two alleles: black (B) and tan (b). The black allele exhibits complete dominance. If the phenotype of the dog is tan fur, what is its genotype? a. BB b. Bb c. bb d. Not enough information The correct answer is C. Tan fur is the recessive trait, which means that both alleles must be recessive i.e. bb.
  1. Using the example in #49, which type of solution is the egg placed into? a. Hypertonic b. Isotonic c. Hypotonic d. None of the above The correct answer is A. Hypertonic refers to a solution with too much solute (higher solute concentration), so the water moves out into the solution.
  2. Which of the following is true of the Krebs cycle? a. It is a redox reaction involving proteins produced during glycolysis b. It is a redox reaction involving sugars produced during glycolysis c. Protons are passed along a gradient to produce ATP d. It is also known as the glycolic acid cycle The correct answer is B: The two smaller sugars produced from the larger sugar during glycolysis are used during the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle)
  3. Which of the following is true of Glycolysis? a. It requires the absence of Oxygen b. It occurs in the presence of Oxygen c. It is the final step of fermentation d. It is the final step of anaerobic respiration The correct answer is B: Glycolysis is an aerobic respiration pathway
  4. The three main events of the haploid cell cycle are: a. DNA replication, mitosis, and cytokinesis b. DNA replication, meiosis, and cytokinesis c. DNA replication, cytokinesis, and degradation d. Mitosis, meiosis, and apoptosis The correct answer is A. Haploid cells undergo mitosis rather than meiosis.
  5. The difference between diploid and haploid is as follows: a. Diploid organisms are multicellular. Haploid organisms are single cellular b. Diploid cells are somatic. Haploid cells are gametes. c. Diploid cells have two sets of homologous chromosomes. Haploid cells have one set of unpaired chromosomes. d. More than one of the above is true. e. None of the above is true. The correct answer is D. Both B and C are true.
  6. The phases of mitosis include: a. Prophase, interphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase b. Prophase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and cytokinesis c. Prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase d. Prophase, interphase, prophase, anaphase, and telophase

The correct answer is C. Prophase is not a phase of mitosis.

  1. During which phase of mitosis does the nuclear envelope disintegrate? a. Prophase b. Prophase c. Prometaphase d. Metaphase e. Anaphase The correct answer is C.
    1. Which is true of gametes? a. They are diploid cells b. They are haploid cells c. They are somatic d. A & C are true e. B & C are true 58. The correct answer is B. Gametes do not contain two pairs of homologous chromosomes and are not somatic. Which of the following is true of heterozygous traits? a. They are haploid b. They are denoted AA c. They are denoted aa d. They are denoted Aa e. More than one of the above is true 59. The correct answer is D. Heterozygous traits contain one dominant and one recessive form of the gene. Which of the following is true of homozygous traits? a. They are haploid b. They are denoted AA c. They are denoted aa d. They are denoted Aa e. More than one of the above is true The correct answer is E. Heterozygous traits contain the same form of the gene. Either B or C are correct choices.
  2. Which is true of the term Phenotype? a. It is the genetic code b. Phenotype determines genotype c. Genotype determines phenotype d. Genotype, epigenetic factors, and environmental factors determine phenotype The correct answer is D.
  1. The plasma membrane of the eurokaryotic cell determines selectively which substances can enter and leave the cell. Such a membrane is said to be? Selectively permeable
  2. What primarily determines the shape of cells that lack cell walls? Microtubule and microfilaments
  3. Which pair of organelles is responsible foe energy supply to eurokaryotic cells? Chloroplast and mitochondria
  4. Whit which organelle is the synthesis of ATP associated? Mitochondrion
  5. The plasma membrane is soluble to? Lipids
  6. The process whereby muscle cell produce lactic acid is called? Fermentation
  7. During aerobic respiration, which one of the following substances is released? 36ATP
  8. Noncyclic-photophosphorylation takes place inside the? Thylakoids
  9. The dark reaction of photosynthesis takes place in? Stroma
  10. Aerobic cellular respiration is more important to sustaining life than anaerobic because it produces? More energy
  11. Which organelle is responsible for oxygen production? Chloroplast
  12. An organic catalyst that enhances the chemical reaction is called? An enzyme
  13. The first stage of aerobic cellular respiration is? Glycolysis
  14. Glycolysis occurs in the? Cytoplasm
  15. For the aerobic pathway, electron transport systems are located inthe? Mitochondrion
  16. Codominance occurs when? Both the alleles in a heterozygote are expressed phenotypically in a individual
  17. Mitosis in a single human cell usually results in the formation of? 2 diploid cells
  18. Meiosis in a single human cell usually results in the formation of? 4 haploid cells
  19. If you reproduce sexually, you produce gamets via? Meiosis
  20. If you reproduce asexually, you produce offspring via? Mitosis
  1. What type of allele is expressed in the phenotype of only a homozygous individual? Dominant
  2. The sex of a human child is determined by the sex chromosomefrom? The father
  3. Cell division occurs most rapidly in? Cancerous tissue
  4. Which blood type would be a universal donor? O
  5. Passage of water through the membrane of a cell is called? Osmosis
  6. Which term includes all others? Organism
  7. The kreb cycle produces? CO2 and H
  8. The presence of which substance is most important for all cell activity? Water
  9. The basic structure of a cell membranes is a? Protein-impregnated phospholipid bilayer
  10. Cytoplasmic structures that contain powerful hydrolysis enzymes,which could lead to cell destruction in the absence of surrounding membranes, are? Lysosomes
  11. Organic substances made up of several amino acids bound togetherare? Proteins
  12. The smallest known microorganisms are? Viruses
  13. The end product of protein metabolism is? Amino acids
  14. Carbohydrates are absorbed into the blood as? Glucose
  15. The substance basic to life is? Proteins
  16. The body obtains most of its nitrogen from? Proteins
  17. The basic unit of living organism is? Cell
  18. The diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane is knownas? Osmosis
  19. The process in which carbon dioxide and water are combined underthe influence of light in green plants is called? Photosynthesis

Energy is released from food molecules

  1. The flagella of human cells cause? Cell movement
  2. During the process of diffusion Molecules moves from a region of high concentrarion to one of low concentration
  3. The plasma membrane is a semipermeable membrane because it? Lets only certain molecules through
  4. In active transport, chemical substances move from a region of low concentrationto one of high concentration, and therefore they require? An expediture of energy
  5. Phagocytosis is a form of endocytosis in which? The cell takes particulate matter into itself
  6. Virtually all chemical reactions of the cell are catalyzed by? Enzymes
  7. The energy is released from an ATP molecule when? The terminal phosphate group is released
  8. Interphase is the phase of a cell cycle in which? The cell performes its unique functions
  9. Chromatids, chromosomes, and chromatin are all simillar to one another because? All contains DNA
  10. The codon is a three-base group of nucleotides that specifies? An amino acid
  11. Protein synthesis in the cell could not occur in the absence of? Amino acid molecules
  12. A molecules of messenger RNA contains? Exons but no introns
  13. Which^ of^ the^ following^ is^ the^ structure^ of^ the^ male^ reproductive^ system^ that^ stores

spermatozoa during the maturation process?

A) vas deferens

B) scrotum

C) epididymis

D) testicular artery

  1. Which^ of^ the^ following^ types^ of^ hormones^ stimulates^ a^ chemical^ response^ to^ a^ targetcell by

diffusing through the cell membrane to bind to the receptors inside the cell?

A) fat-soluble hormones

B) amino acid derivatives

C) hydrophilic hormones

D) water-soluble hormones

  1. Which^ of^ the^ following^ is^ an^ example^ of^ human^ error^ in^ an^ experiment?

A) an imperfectly calibrated scale

B) contaminating a sterile sample by breathing on it

C) a draft in the laboratory slightly changing the temperature of a liquid

D) failure to account for wind speed when measuring distance traveled

84. Within the biologic hierarchic system of organization, which of the following is least inclusive?

A) phylum

B) order

C) kingdom

D) species

85. In the scientific process, which of the following is a statement or explanation of certain events

or happenings?

A) hypothesis

B) observation

C) experiment

D) conclusion

86. Why is polarity the most important characteristic of water?

A) the results of the polarity are hydrogen bonding, a high specific heat value, and its

versatile solvent properties

B) the results of the polarity are covalent bonding, a low specific heat value, and its versatile

solvent properties

C) the results of the polarity are ionic bonding, a high specific heat value, and its versatile

solvent properties

D) the results of the polarity are hydrogen bonding, a low specific heat value, and its versatile

solvent properties

the results of the polarity are hydrogen bonding, a high specific heat value, and its versatile solvent

properties

87. Athletes are often concerned with the question of what they need in their diets to increase

muscle mass and strength. What biologic molecule would you recommend that would

accomplish this?

A) carbohydrates

B) proteins

D) cellular respiration and fermentation

93. Which part of cellular respiration produces the greatest amount of ATP?

A) electron transport chain

B) glycolysis

C) citric acid cycle

D) fermentation

94. When plants do not receive enough water, their photosynthetic rate drops. This is because:

A) water is a raw material for the light reactions in photosynthesis

B) carbon dioxide is not available

C) water provides the carbon atoms used to make sugar

D) not enough oxygen is produced to keep fermentation running

95. How does asexual reproduction differ from sexual reproduction?

A) asexual reproduction results in all cells being identical to the original cell; sexual

reproduction results in half of the cells being identical to the original cell

B) asexual reproduction results in two cells that contribute genetic material to daughter cells,

resulting in significantly greater variation

C) sexual reproduction involves two cells that contribute genetic material to daughter cells,

resulting in significantly greater variation

D) sexual reproduction involves one cell that yields all cells produced to be identical

96. Why is it important for cells to undergo mitosis?

A) mitosis allows for reproduction with male and female gametes

B) mitosis increases variation within the species

C) mitosis produces cells that are different from the parent cell

D) mitosis produces cells for growth and repair of body tissue

97. 72 chromosomes undergo meiosis. How many chromosomes will be in each gamete?

A) 18

B) 36

C) 72

D) 144

98. Which of the following shows how information in transformed to make a protein?

A) DNA-RNA-protein

B) gene-chromosome-protein

C) ATP-amino acid-protein

D) RNA-DNA-protein

99. Which of the following describes the gene in which one allele takes a different form from

another?

A) phenotype

B) heterozygous

C) homolog

D) homozygous

Cells and Tissues Practice Worksheet

Use the word bank below to write the name of the organelle with its correct function. Word bank: Cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosome, Golgi bodies, chloroplasts, vacuoles, lysosome

  1. Protects and supports the cell
  2. Produces proteins _
  3. Controls what comes in and out of the cell _
  4. Receives proteins and other materials from the endoplasmic reticulum and packages them to be redistributed _ _
  5. Home to the cell’s organelles _
  6. Breaks down sugar molecules to create energy _
  7. Captures energy from sunlight and uses it to produce food for cells _
  8. Houses DNA _ _ _
  9. Carries protein and other materials from one part of the cell to another _
  10. Storage area for cells
  11. Breaks down old cells
  12. List two organelles from above that are found only in plants: and