GALL BLADDER STONE notes, Study Guides, Projects, Research of Medical Sciences

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GALL BLADDER STONE (Cholelithiasis) * Incidence : e It is the most common biliary pathology . ¢ More common in western countries ( due to dietary factors ) where at least of 20% of females over 40 years are affected . e A female to male ratio of 3:1 is reported in cholesterol and mixed stones but no sex difference in pigment stones . e Gall bladder stones increase with age and familial . * Types and characters : Brown Black Pure cholesterol . . . Mixed pigment pigment Incidence | rare 90 % rare rare Structure | Nearly pure cholesterol | 60% cholesterol | Ca bilirubinate , Ca bilirubinate , Ca bilirubinate , | Ca palmitate and Ca phosphate & some cholesterol Ca palmitate . Color Yellowish Yellowish brown Brown Dark green or Tarry black Number | Usully single large more | Multiple , variable in size , less than 2.5 cm. than 2.5 cm ( cholesterol solitaire ) but may be multiple small . Shape Oval Faceted Faceted Irregular Surface Mammilated smooth smooth Show multiple spicules Consistency | Usually hard in consistency except early black pigment stone which may be soft. Cut Radiating cholesterol Nucleus & laminae No radiation section crystals or laminae Aetiology | 1-Disturbance in bile salts to cholesterol ratio More common in 2- Bile stasis bile ducts due to infection or foreign body. In haemolytic anaemia or cirrhosis