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Exploring Collision Dynamics: Inelastic and Elastic Collisions, Cheat Sheet of Physics

The fundamental concepts of inelastic and elastic collisions, providing a detailed investigation of their dynamics and practical applications. The experiment utilizes two distinct carts, a green and a yellow cart, to study the conservation of momentum and kinetic energy in various collision scenarios. By analyzing the velocity changes of the carts before, during, and after the collisions, the document aims to deepen the understanding of collision mechanics and its significance in fields like physics and engineering. The experiment covers six runs, including three elastic and three inelastic collisions, with the addition of weights to the carts to observe the impact on the collision dynamics. Graphical representations of the velocity changes over time further enhance the analysis and interpretation of the experimental results, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of the underlying principles governing collision phenomena.

Typology: Cheat Sheet

2023/2024

Uploaded on 05/29/2024

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Title
PHYS 110 – Experiment #7
3/25/24
Abstract
Introduction
Understanding the dynamics of collisions is paramount in
various fields of physics, engineering, and everyday life. This
experiment focuses on exploring two fundamental types of
collisions: inelastic and elastic. In inelastic collisions, objects
collide and stick together, resulting in a loss of kinetic energy.
Despite this loss, momentum remains conserved, adhering to the
principle that the total momentum of a closed system is constant.
Conversely, elastic collisions involve objects rebounding off each
other without any loss of kinetic energy. In these collisions, both
momentum and kinetic energy are conserved throughout the
interaction. Momentum, a vector quantity representing the
product of an object's mass and velocity, forms the foundation of
collision analysis. According to Newton's second law of motion,
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Title

PHYS 110 – Experiment # 3/25/ Abstract Introduction Understanding the dynamics of collisions is paramount in various fields of physics, engineering, and everyday life. This experiment focuses on exploring two fundamental types of collisions: inelastic and elastic. In inelastic collisions, objects collide and stick together, resulting in a loss of kinetic energy. Despite this loss, momentum remains conserved, adhering to the principle that the total momentum of a closed system is constant. Conversely, elastic collisions involve objects rebounding off each other without any loss of kinetic energy. In these collisions, both momentum and kinetic energy are conserved throughout the interaction. Momentum, a vector quantity representing the product of an object's mass and velocity, forms the foundation of collision analysis. According to Newton's second law of motion,

the net force acting on an object is directly proportional to the rate of change of its momentum, highlighting the relationship between force, momentum, and time. Impulse, defined as the change in momentum when a force is applied over a period of time, further illuminates this connection. By exploring these concepts and their interdependencies, this experiment aims to deepen our understanding of collision mechanics and their practical applications, laying the groundwork for further exploration in the realm of physics and engineering. Materials and Method The experiment utilized two distinct carts, a green and a yellow cart, to investigate elastic and inelastic collisions. These carts were specifically designed for experimental purposes and constructed from durable materials to withstand repeated collisions. Each cart was equipped with smooth, low-friction wheels to facilitate smooth motion along the track. Additionally, the carts were outfitted with sensors to accurately measure velocity during the collisions. A push button was employed to initiate each run, ensuring consistency in the experimental

and analyzed to discern the impact of added weights on the collision dynamics and to elucidate the distinctions between elastic and inelastic collisions. Graphical representations of time versus velocity aided in visualizing and interpreting the experimental results, ultimately contributing to a comprehensive understanding of momentum conservation and kinetic energy transfer in various collision scenarios. Results

  • The velocity of the green cart would decrease temporarily during the collision and then increase after the collision as it rebounds in the opposite direction. The velocity of the yellow cart would increase temporarily during the collision and then decrease after the collision as it rebounds in the opposite direction. The velocities of both carts after the collision would be less than the initial velocity of the green cart.
  • Similar to the first elastic collision, but with the added effect of the extra mass in the yellow cart. The velocity of the green cart would decrease more during the collision due to the increased mass of the yellow cart. The velocity of the yellow cart after the collision might be less than the initial velocity of the green cart due to the added mass.
  • Similar to the first elastic collision, but with the added effect of the extra mass in the green cart. The velocity of the green cart after the collision might be less than the initial velocity due to the added mass.
  • In an inelastic collision, kinetic energy is not conserved, and the two carts stick together after the collision. The velocity of the combined carts would be less than the initial velocity of the green cart.
  • Similar to the inelastic collision with no weights, but with the added effect of the extra mass in the yellow cart.
  • Similar to the inelastic collision with no weights, but with the added effect of the extra mass in the green cart.

-0.1^0 0.5^1 1.5^2 2. 0

Velocity of Green Cart Velocity of Yellow Cart Time (s) Velocity (m/s) -0.05^0 0.5^1 1.5^2 0

Velocity of Green Cart Velcoity of Yellow Cart Time (s) Velocity (m/s) Figure 1: Discussion Bibliography