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Anatomy and Physiology: Nervous System Multiple Choice Questions, Study notes of Biology

Bharat Ratna Dr. B. R. Ambedkar UniversityBiology

JTHIS IS A GOOD STUDY NOTE GUIDE TO ANATOMY AND TEST GUIDES

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Essentials of Anatomy & Physiology, 8e (Martini)
Chapter 8 The Nervous System
8.1 Multiple-Choice Questions
1) Which of the following is a function of the efferent division of the nervous system?
A) providing sensation of the internal and external environments
B) integrating sensory information
C) coordinating voluntary and involuntary activities
D) sending signals to muscles
E) regulating or controlling peripheral structures and systems
Answer: D
Learning Outcome: 8-1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
2) The brain and spinal cord comprise the
A) autonomic nervous system.
B) peripheral nervous system.
C) central nervous system.
D) efferent nervous system.
E) afferent nervous system.
Answer: C
Learning Outcome: 8-1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
3) In general, the nervous system
A) controls only conscious activities.
B) is fast acting.
C) is long lasting.
D) responds to changes in the external environment only.
E) is one of the simplest organ systems.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 8-1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
4) The part of the peripheral nervous system that brings information to the central nervous
system is the
A) motor division.
B) afferent division.
C) efferent division.
D) autonomic division.
E) somatic division.
Answer: B
Learning Outcome: 8-1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
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Essentials of Anatomy & Physiology, 8e (Martini) Chapter 8 The Nervous System 8.1 Multiple-Choice Questions

  1. Which of the following is a function of the efferent division of the nervous system? A) providing sensation of the internal and external environments B) integrating sensory information C) coordinating voluntary and involuntary activities D) sending signals to muscles E) regulating or controlling peripheral structures and systems Answer: D Learning Outcome: 8- Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
  2. The brain and spinal cord comprise the A) autonomic nervous system. B) peripheral nervous system. C) central nervous system. D) efferent nervous system. E) afferent nervous system. Answer: C Learning Outcome: 8- Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
  3. In general, the nervous system A) controls only conscious activities. B) is fast acting. C) is long lasting. D) responds to changes in the external environment only. E) is one of the simplest organ systems. Answer: B Learning Outcome: 8- Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
  4. The part of the peripheral nervous system that brings information to the central nervous system is the A) motor division. B) afferent division. C) efferent division. D) autonomic division. E) somatic division. Answer: B Learning Outcome: 8- Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
  1. All of the nervous tissue outside of the central nervous system comprises the ________ nervous system. A) somatic B) autonomic C) sympathetic D) central E) peripheral Answer: E Learning Outcome: 8- Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
  2. The ________ division of the nervous system brings sensory information to the central nervous system. A) afferent B) descending C) efferent D) motor E) spinal Answer: A Learning Outcome: 8- Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
  3. The ________ nervous system provides involuntary regulation of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glandular activity. A) central B) autonomic C) somatic D) collateral E) ganglionic Answer: B Learning Outcome: 8- Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
  4. Most neurons in the brain are A) bipolar. B) unipolar. C) anaxonic. D) multipolar. E) tripolar. Answer: D Learning Outcome: 8- Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
  1. Small phagocytic glial cells, which are derived from white blood cells, are called A) astrocytes. B) Schwann cells. C) oligodendrocytes. D) microglia. E) ependymal cells. Answer: D Learning Outcome: 8- Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
  2. The neurilemma of axons in the peripheral nervous system is the outer layer of A) astrocytes. B) Schwann cells. C) oligodendrocytes. D) microglia. E) ependymal cells. Answer: B Learning Outcome: 8- Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
  3. Clusters of rough endoplasmic reticulum and free ribosomes are known as A) neurofilaments. B) neurofibrils. C) synapses. D) Nissl bodies. E) microglia. Answer: D Learning Outcome: 8- Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
  4. Branches that sometimes occur along the length of an axon are called A) action potentials. B) synaptic knobs. C) collaterals. D) hillocks. E) synapse. Answer: C Learning Outcome: 8- Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
  1. Neurons that have one axon and one dendrite with the cell body between them are called A) polypolar. B) unipolar. C) bipolar. D) tripolar. E) multipolar. Answer: C Learning Outcome: 8- Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
  2. Neurons that have two or more dendrites and a single axon extending away from the cell body are called A) polypolar. B) unipolar. C) bipolar. D) tripolar. E) multipolar. Answer: E Learning Outcome: 8- Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
  3. Which neuroglial cells produce CSF in some regions of the brain? A) microglia B) Schwann cells C) ependymal cells D) oligodendrocytes E) astrocytes Answer: C Learning Outcome: 8- Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
  4. Bundles of CNS axons that share a common origin, destination, and function are called A) the cortex. B) centers. C) nuclei. D) tracts. E) ganglia. Answer: D Learning Outcome: 8- Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
  1. Changes in the membrane potential that cannot spread far from the site of stimulation are called A) threshold. B) graded potentials. C) refractories. D) hyperpolarizations. E) action potentials. Answer: B Learning Outcome: 8- Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
  2. Saltatory conduction A) occurs only if the myelin sheath is continuous. B) occurs only if nodes of Ranvier are lacking. C) is faster than conduction on an unmyelinated axon. D) produces a stronger action potential. E) occurs at the synapse. Answer: C Learning Outcome: 8- Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding
  3. Opening of voltage-gated sodium channels in the membrane of a neuron results in A) depolarization. B) repolarization. C) hyperpolarization. D) increased negative charge inside the membrane. E) myelination. Answer: A Learning Outcome: 8- Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
  4. Which statement is true regarding action potential propagation? A) In salutatory conduction, the myelin is composed of fat, which insulates the axon membrane against sodium ion flow across the membrane. B) Continuous propagation results in one graded potential producing multiple action potentials. C) The action potential will die out along the axon if another graded potential does not occur. D) All voltage-gated channels along the axon open at the same time, allowing sodium to flow in simultaneously. E) The active transport of sodium and potassium through sodium-potassium ion pumps causes depolarization of the axon membrane. Answer: A Learning Outcome: 8- Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding
  1. During continuous conduction, A) action potentials move in all directions along an axon. B) action potentials occur at successive nodes along the length of the stimulated axon. C) local currents depolarize adjacent areas of membrane so that action potentials continue along the membrane. D) the action potential starts at the beginning of the neuronal pathway and continues form neuron to neuron. E) local potentials produce a continuous outward flow of potassium ions. Answer: C Learning Outcome: 8- Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding
  2. A stimulus that opens gated potassium ion channels, moving the membrane voltage value below the resting potential value, results in which of the following? A) repolarization B) hyperpolarization C) depolarization D) refraction E) summation Answer: B Learning Outcome: 8- Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
  3. Identify the correct sequence of steps in the generation of an action potential.
  1. Activation of sodium channels and rapid depolarization
  2. Inactivation of sodium channels and activation of potassium channels
  3. Depolarization to threshold
  4. Closing of potassium channels A) 1, 3, 4, 2 B) 3, 1, 2, 4 C) 4, 3, 2, 1 D) 1, 3, 2, 4 E) 3, 1, 4, 2 Answer: B Learning Outcome: 8- Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding
  1. Adrenergic synapses release the neurotransmitter A) acetylcholine. B) norepinephrine. C) dopamine. D) serotonin. E) GABA. Answer: B Learning Outcome: 8- Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
  2. A few spiders produce a venom that is a calcium-channel blocker. Where would this venom
  1. You have been diagnosed with the demyelinating disease called multiple sclerosis. The areas of damage seem to be centered within the spinal cord. The demyelinated areas are most probably within the A) ascending and/or descending tracts. B) dorsal or ventral horns. C) central canal. D) dorsal root ganglia. E) gray commissure. Answer: A Learning Outcome: 8- Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyzing
  2. Which of the following contains a delicate network of collagen and elastin fibers through which cerebrospinal fluid circulates? A) epidural space B) dural sinus C) arachnoid villi D) subarachnoid space E) pia mater Answer: D Learning Outcome: 8- Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
  3. The ________ is the layer of the meninges that is in direct contact with the surface of the brain. A) pia mater B) subarachnoid space C) dura mater D) epidural space E) arachnoid Answer: A Learning Outcome: 8- Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
  4. Head injuries that damage cerebral blood vessels are serious conditions because A) they could cause severe pain. B) the blood could compress and distort the relatively soft tissues of the brain. C) epicardial tissue will be affected. D) the venous sinus will not drain. E) pathways will be blocked. Answer: B Learning Outcome: 8- Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding
  1. The projections of gray matter extending through the white matter toward the outer surface of the spinal cord are called A) wings. B) horns. C) pyramids. D) fibers. E) tracts. Answer: B Learning Outcome: 8- Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
  2. Axons that cross from one side of the spinal cord to the other are found in the A) anterior white columns. B) lateral gray horns. C) posterior gray horns. D) gray commissures. E) posterior white columns. Answer: D Learning Outcome: 8- Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
  3. Enlargements of the spinal cord occur A) near the posterior median sulcus. B) adjacent to the anterior median fissure. C) in the cervical and lumbar regions. D) in the thoracic region of the spinal cord. E) in the cervical and thoracic regions. Answer: C Learning Outcome: 8- Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
  4. The entire spinal cord is divided into ________ segments. A) 5 B) 12 C) 25 D) 31 E) 35 Answer: D Learning Outcome: 8- Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
  1. If the dorsal root of a spinal nerve is severed, A) motor control of skeletal muscles would be impaired. B) motor control of visceral organs would be impaired. C) the spinal cord would not be able to process information at that level. D) the brain would not be able to communicate with that level of the spinal cord. E) incoming sensory information would be disrupted. Answer: E Learning Outcome: 8- Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding
  2. The midbrain has a slender CSF-filled canal known as the A) cerebral aqueduct. B) lateral ventricle. C) medulla oblongata. D) fourth ventricle. E) third ventricle. Answer: A Learning Outcome: 8- Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
  3. Diffusion across which structure(s) returns excess CSF to venous circulation? A) third ventricle B) dural sinuses C) cerebral aqueduct D) arachnoid granulations E) lateral ventricle Answer: D Learning Outcome: 8- Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
  4. The visual cortex is located in the A) frontal lobe. B) parietal lobe. C) temporal lobe. D) occipital lobe. E) cerebellum. Answer: D Learning Outcome: 8- Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
  1. The two cerebral hemispheres are separated by the A) longitudinal fissure. B) central sulcus. C) lateral sulcus. D) frontal lobe. E) postcentral sulcus. Answer: A Learning Outcome: 8- Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
  2. The area anterior to the central sulcus is the A) parietal lobe. B) temporal lobe. C) frontal lobe. D) occipital lobe. E) postcentral gyrus. Answer: C Learning Outcome: 8- Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
  3. The cortex inferior to the lateral sulcus is the A) parietal lobe. B) temporal lobe. C) frontal lobe. D) occipital lobe. E) cerebellar lobe. Answer: B Learning Outcome: 8- Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
  4. The primary connection between cerebral hemispheres is the A) cerebellum. B) precentral gyrus. C) postcentral gyrus. D) midbrain. E) corpus callosum. Answer: E Learning Outcome: 8- Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
  1. Which structures are related to Parkinson's disease? A) the reticular formation and limbic system B) the basal nuclei and the midbrain C) the hypothalamus and thalamus D) the thalamus and pineal gland E) the hippocampus and amygdala Answer: B Learning Outcome: 8- Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding
  2. Which structure secretes melatonin? A) anterior pituitary gland B) superior colliculus C) posterior pituitary gland D) hypothalamus E) pineal gland Answer: E Learning Outcome: 8- Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
  3. Which structure secretes antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin? A) epithalamus B) cerebellum C) pons D) hypothalamus E) medulla oblongata Answer: D Learning Outcome: 8- Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
  4. You bowl with your right arm, but you write with your left hand. This is related to differences in the A) cerebral hemispheres. B) hypothalamus. C) thalamus. D) medulla oblongata. E) hippocampus. Answer: A Learning Outcome: 8- Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying
  1. The sensory nuclei of cranial nerves V-VIII are found within which of the following? A) midbrain B) medulla oblongata C) cerebellum D) basal ganglia E) pons Answer: E Learning Outcome: 8- Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
  2. As a result of a severe concussion from a car accident, you have a terrible problem with both retaining new information and recalling old information. The injury affected the A) mammillary bodies. B) basal ganglia. C) inferior colliculi. D) hippocampus. E) superior colliculi. Answer: D Learning Outcome: 8- Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying
  3. The primary motor cortex of the cerebrum is located in the A) cerebellum. B) precentral gyrus. C) pons. D) lateral sulcus. E) postcentral gyrus. Answer: B Learning Outcome: 8- Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
  4. The premotor cortex of the cerebrum, involved in the planning and sequencing of muscle movements, is located in the A) frontal lobe. B) postcentral gyrus. C) hippocampus. D) parietal lobe. E) thalamus. Answer: A Learning Outcome: 8- Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
  1. Regions of the brain that are involved in interpreting data or coordinating motor responses are A) commissural areas. B) sensory areas. C) association areas. D) motor areas. E) processing areas. Answer: C Learning Outcome: 8- Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding
  2. The region of the brain that is involved in conscious thought and intellectual function as well as processing somatic sensory and motor information is the A) medulla. B) pons. C) midbrain. D) cerebellum. E) cerebrum. Answer: E Learning Outcome: 8- Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding
  3. The surface of the postcentral gyrus contains the A) primary sensory cortex. B) primary motor cortex. C) visual cortex. D) olfactory cortex. E) auditory cortex. Answer: A Learning Outcome: 8- Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
  4. Think about the intricacies of ballet dancing and the coordination and balance that is required. The area of the brain most required for this activity is the A) cerebrum. B) thalamus. C) cerebellum. D) pons. E) medulla. Answer: C Learning Outcome: 8- Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying
  1. During an EEG, alpha waves A) are observed in children and frustrated adults. B) are observed in many pathological conditions. C) typically accompany intense concentration. D) occur in deep sleep. E) are characteristic of normal resting adults. Answer: E Learning Outcome: 8- Bloom's Taxonomy: Understanding
  2. Which of the following performs such abstract intellectual function as predicting the future consequences of events or actions? A) pons B) basal ganglia C) hippocampus D) thalamus E) prefrontal cortex Answer: E Learning Outcome: 8- Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering
  3. If Broca's area is damaged, what might result? A) loss of sensation B) loss of the ability to speak C) loss of upper limb control D) loss of memory E) mental retardation Answer: B Learning Outcome: 8- Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying
  4. Damage to the hypothalamus can result in A) taste and smell problems. B) increased attention. C) coma. D) decreased cerebral function. E) fluctuations in body temperature. Answer: E Learning Outcome: 8- Bloom's Taxonomy: Analyzing