Download Environmental Science Exam 2 Updated Version + A+ Answer Key Key. and more Exams Science education in PDF only on Docsity!
Environmental Science Exam 2 –
Updated Version + A+ Answer Key.
What is a "best-case scenario" for clear-cutting a forest? A) The process allows for hardier and more ecologically viable secondary growth. B) The process may produce primary forest within 2 years. C) The process may mimic natural disturbances such as fires. D) The process allows for more ecologically friendly plantations to be planted. - Correct Ans: C Why are some people against the government designating land set-asides for conservation? A) The national parks have been unable to prevent species from going extinct, so they obviously do not work. B) People think that the land should be available for private ownership and used however people see fit. C) Few people visit the national parks so they are a waste of money and resources. D) More land is held for conservation in private land trusts than in public land holdings, so the government should allow the private sector to continue to do the conservation. - Correct Ans: B Which of the following is NOT an ecosystem service provided by pristine forests?
A) removal of air pollution B) land for agriculture C) moderation of climate D) prevention of soil erosion - Correct Ans: B What was the shift in forest conservation from the Clinton presidency to the Bush Administration? A) Clinton was pro-business while Bush was more ecofriendly. B) Bush issued an executive order called the "roadless rule" that placed 31% of U.S. national forests off-limits to road construction and logging. C) The Bush administration loosened environmental protection and restricted public participation. D) The Bush administration tightened environmental protection and encouraged more public participation. - Correct Ans: C Which of the following is the most similar to a natural forest? A) multiple-use plantations B) even-aged stands C) monoculture plantations
C) whether to allow for the use of federally owned lands for hunting D) whether to pursue total conversion of land or to fragment it over time - Correct Ans: A What human-caused environmental issue is directly threatening to cause problems for our forest protection efforts? A) loss of biodiversity B) climate change C) the pollution of water D) overpopulation - Correct Ans: B The _____ Act allowed for the U.S. president to declare national monuments. A) Executive B) Land Preservation C) National Parks D) Antiquities - Correct Ans: D Which of the following is true regarding the national wildlife refuges? A) The refuges are open for hunting, fishing, education, and other public uses.
B) The refuges are public lands with no restrictions for use whatsoever. C) The refuges are open from 6 a.m. to 10 a.m. only for educational purposes. D) The refuges are preserves that are off limits to all public uses. - Correct Ans: A Which of the following is true about the preservation of land in the United States? A) Only the federal government and state governments can set aside land for preservation. B) Only the federal government can set aside land for preservation. C) The federal government, state governments, and private groups can all set aside land for preservation. D) There are no more lands open to be set aside for preservation. - Correct Ans: C The most serious problem caused by population growth is ________. A) increasing demand for resources B) lack of farmland to meet food needs C) too few jobs D) crowding E) inefficient food transportation - Correct Ans: A
B) stage 2, the transitional stage C) stage 3, the industrial stage D) stage 4, the postindustrial stage E) stage 5, the stability transition stage - Correct Ans: B The type of agriculture that occupies over 25% of the world's croplands and dominates farms in the Midwest is __________. A) similar to the type of agriculture used by traditional farmers, like the Native Americans B) industrial agriculture C) traditional agriculture D) subsistence agriculture - Correct Ans: B Long ago, two sisters were talking as they returned from their morning trip to collect mushrooms, seeds, berries, and green leaves for the day's meals. The younger woman was watching the progress of a small rabbit as it hopped across the path and toward the clan's trash midden (refuse heap), where broken tools (made of bone, stone, or shell) were tossed, and where discarded food was thrown. She noticed the rabbit stop and begin nibbling at the many new, green shoots sprouting across one side of the midden. She walked over to look, and she saw that some of last year's discarded dried fruits were growing. Surprised and interested, she called her sister over to discuss this find. The next step in this story would likely be that this woman and her sister ________. A) started a full-scale garden, digging the soil and enriching it with food wastes
B) began to save, sort, and name different types of seeds C) began to s - Correct Ans: D The horizon where leaching has deposited materials is called the ________. A) O horizon B) parent material C) C horizon D) B horizon E) E horizon - Correct Ans: D Soil texture refers to the relative amounts of ________ in soil. A) organic matter and minerals B) mineral content and water saturation C) detritus and humus D) water, organic matter, and minerals E) sand, silt, and clay - Correct Ans: E
C) The CRP imposes financial penalties on farmers who do not employ shelterbelts in areas prone to wind erosion. D) The CRP pays farmers not to grow crops on land that is not very well suited for crop production. - Correct Ans: D Raising which of the following requires the most land and water per kg protein produced? A) pigs B) chickens C) dairy cattle D) goats E) beef cattle - Correct Ans: E We will be able to support more people with the same amount of food supply if most people eat which of the following types of diet? A) a diet that substitutes chicken for other protein sources B) a diet consisting of equal percentages of meat and vegetables C) a diet heavily dependent on meat D) a vegetarian diet - Correct Ans: D
Plants with showy flowers typically ________. A) are preferentially eaten by herbivorous animals B) are genetically modified by animals C) are pollinated by animals D) decrease biodiversity in an area E) are pollinated by wind - Correct Ans: C What is the greatest contributing factor in the loss of polar bears in arctic areas? A) decline in sea ice B) the tundra shifting northward C) hunting of the polar bear by the Inuit people D) fires in the taiga and tundra E) the decline of lemmings; the primary food of the polar bear - Correct Ans: A The country of Belize depends on lobster for a major portion of its income, along with fishing and tourism. Over the past 30 years the average size of an individual lobster has dropped, even as increasing numbers of Belizeans buy boats, build lobster traps, and enter the industry. This is an example of ________. A) habitat alteration
B) whales C) small freshwater fish D) frogs - Correct Ans: B Maria loves to be outdoors. She hikes every day in the woods, near the home that she shares with five pets and that is surrounded by mountains. Edward O. Wilson would argue that this is evidence of __________. A) nature-deficit disorder B) biophobia C) biophilia D) resilience - Correct Ans: C Contrary to popular belief, the Endangered Species Act allows ________. A) international trade in protected species to aid in times of economic hardship B) endangered species to be hunted as long as records are kept of numbers and sex of individuals taken C) landowners to harm a protected species in one area if they protect it in another D) landowners to kill endangered species for food if necessary
E) habitats of protected species to be developed or logged as long as no individuals of the species are killed - Correct Ans: C Many biologists and environmental educators are interested in maintaining biodiversity in urban landscapes, where preserves or reserves are scarce unless land has been set aside for them in urban planning. Nonetheless, they have discovered that making even small changes in commercial and residential landscaping can help promote biodiversity. Some of the changes that have been recommended and been successful include using native species for street trees and for decorative landscaping, reducing pesticide use on lawns and gardens, and reducing fertilizer use through composting and mulching. Also, managers of schools, larger businesses, and residences are encouraged to increase habitat diversity by creating "landscape islands" that include larger trees surrounded by shrubs and herbaceous plants. Landscape islands ideally should include native species, mixed with exotic ornamentals at the discretion of the land owners. - Correct Ans: C In addition to the butterfly project, you decide to stop spraying the pesticides that control lawn pests. Over the next year, you notice that the lawn grass doesn't grow as well, but many other species of plants invade the lawn, many of them native species. This will result in all of the following, except ________. A) an increase in herbivorous insects and the small predators that eat them B) competition between the lawn grass and the new species that invade the area C) an increase in pollinating insects visiting your lawn and gardens D) an increase in bird species in your yard E) lower survival rates for the caterpillars and butterflies - Correct Ans: E The butterflies you established in your yard are now thriving, but you notice that some of the caterpillars are falling victim to predators and parasites. After some study and consultation, you wisely decide to ________.
C) Crop productivity is greatly increased because of the rich soil. D) CO2 levels remain appropriate within the atmosphere. E) Soil erosion is increased. - Correct Ans: E A fire hits an old forest with large, old trees. A large section of the forest is harvested. Over many years, new, immature trees replace the old ones. How can the new area be characterized? A) It is a primary forest. B) It is a secondary forest. C) It is an old growth forest D) It is a savanna. - Correct Ans: B How has the "Smokey Bear" campaign damaged forest health? A) It has allowed too much clear-cutting. B) It has focused attention on forests rather than grasslands. C) It has allowed too few fires to burn in forests. D) It has allowed too many fires to burn in forests. - Correct Ans: C Which of the following is NOT an ecosystem service provided by pristine forests?
A) moderation of climate B) removal of air pollution C) prevention of soil erosion D) land for agriculture - Correct Ans: D Which of the following forestry practices would best conserve biodiversity? A) using a selection system to get uneven-aged stands B) leaving several small areas uncut in the middle of a clear-cut C) the shelterwood approach D) clear-cutting stands of timber - Correct Ans: A The maximum population size that a given environment can sustain is the _______. A) population density B) carrying capacity C) total fertility rate D) tipping point - Correct Ans: B
C) population growth will accelerate as a country stays industrialized for longer periods of time D) poverty will cause a slow decline in population until resources are evenly distributed - Correct Ans: A Which statement describes the effects of having a total fertility rate (TFR) of 2.1? A) At a TFR of 2.1, the population will be shrinking. B) The value means that two children plus a fraction to compensate for the death of offspring will replace the average male and female in the population. C) The value means that the population is growing slowly because 2.1 − 2.0 = +0.1. D) The value represents the number of children born per person in a population. - Correct Ans: B The population policies of most nations are based on the Cornucopian view held by many economists. These policies operate on the idea that __________. A) disease is a limiting factor of population growth so impact on resources is ultimately minimal B) geologists have shown that Earth regenerates resources as fast as they are discovered and used C) population size must be kept low to prevent the damage caused by erosion, pollution, and loss of groundwater resources for agriculture D) population growth is not a problem as long as resources can be replaced when depleted - Correct Ans: D
What is the sex ratio in China because of the one child policy? A) It skewed toward more females resulting in more reproduction per person in the population. B) It is evenly distributed between males and females. C) It is skewed toward more males causing a slowing in population growth. D) It is skewed toward the upper class. - Correct Ans: C Which of the following effects on population accompanies the change from an agrarian economy to an industrial economy? A) The total population decreases. B) TFR will increase since women are able to stay at home rather than work in the fields to grow food. C) Population growth rate slows. D) The population growth becomes exponential. - Correct Ans: C What does the S term represent, and how does it alter the Impact component in the IPAT model used to evaluate the total impact of human populations on the environment? A) sex ratio, to denote number of mating pairs so as it shifts from 50/50 there is a reduction in impact
