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Environmental Science B Test Prep:
Energy, Pollution, and Sustainability.
Conservation efforts have been effective in _______. a. increasing the number of endangered species b. reducing all the negative impacts of human activity c. preserving wildlife habitats d. all of the above - Answer C Which of the following is not a contributing factor to environmental policy decisions? a. human health b. availability of natural resources c. environmental health d. none of the above - Answer D Which of the following environmental protection issues is a direct result of human involvement? a. pollution b. invasive species
c. biodiversity loss d. all of the above - Answer D Which of the following is a result of government attempts to increase energy efficiency? a. American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy b. Alliance to Save Energy c. Energy Star d. All of the above - Answer C Environmental impact assessments are required by law in order for _______. a. states to generate needed revenue b. companies to receive building permits c. environmental damage to be mitigated d. none of the above - Answer B New milestones in environmental policy will most likely deal with long-term issues. - Answer T What was the greatest impact of the National Environmental Policy Act?
d. new energy sources - Answer A Which of the following is an area targeted by countries to reduce environmental impact? a. greenhouse gas emissions b. wetland destruction c. deforestation d. all of the above - Answer D Which of the following fields is(are) part of the environmental movement? a. scientific b. social c. political d. all of the above - Answer D Explain how increased energy efficiency is beneficial. - Answer Increased energy efficiency allows for the same level of service to be achieved with reduced energy use. Energy use is associated with greenhouse gas emissions, so by decreasing energy use greenhouse gas emissions will be decreased as well. Nonrenewable resources that are used for energy production, such as coal and oil are used at a slower rate with greater energy efficiency as well. Increased energy efficiency results in lower costs for energy consumers.
Explain how major environmental policies came about. - Answer Major environmental policies came about as a result of environmental disasters that drew the attention of the media. Events like the oil spill in California and the fires along the Cuyahoga River drew the attention of the media and helped raise public awareness of environmental issues. Increased public awareness led to the federal government enacting policies to monitor water conditions and assess the environmental impact of business and industry. Permits in the cap and dividend policy are issued for _______ production. a. carbon dioxide b. timber c. water pollution d. plastic - Answer A Compare the conservation efforts of the National Wildlife Refuge System to the Pacific Region Coastal Program. - Answer Both the National Wildlife Refuge System and the Pacific Region Coastal Program are programs that provide habitats for wildlife. The National Wildlife Refuge System occurs throughout the country, while the Pacific Region Coastal Program is focused on conservation efforts along the Pacific Coast. The Pacific Region Coastal Program is focused on restoring wetlands and forests for use as a wildlife habitat, while the National Wildlife Refuge System is focused on retaining areas for wildlife habitats. sustainability can be achieved through careful resource management. - Answer true fossil fuels are an important natural resources used by society. Which of the following best describes fossil fuels? - Answer they are organic fuels derived from ancient plants and animals.
how has technology benefited energy production? - Answer all of the above after the energy crisis of the 1970's and the OPEC oil embargo, the US _______. - Answer increased its dependency on foreign oil decomposition in pools, ponds, and lakes take place mostly in the____zone. - Answer benthic which of the following factors will not affect a balanced physiology? - Answer precipitation type land clearing and irrigation in Australia have only resulted in an increase in the amount of land available for use as farmland. - Answer false coral reefs are a vast community of individual organisms - Answer true a prescribed burn is ____. - Answer a controlled fire used to manage forest ecosystems groundwater is an underutilized source of freshwater - Answer false agricultural practices can lead to water pollution - Answer true it is best to say that restoring and protecting estuaries and wetlands ____. - Answer improves the health of coastal ecosystems continued deforestation will most likely lead to____. - Answer an increase in the number of endangered species soil generation and soil conservation are equally effective agricultural strategies - Answer false
What are the effects of population growth? - Answer Irreversible damage to the Earth, Increased demand for resources. Limiting to sustainable soil management. Why is soil erosion a limiting factor? - Answer Soil is eroding faster than it is forming. Worse with no vegetation cover. Eroded material pollutes waterways. How can plant cover prevent erosion? - Answer Moving livestock to prevent overgrazing. Selective tree cutting. Plant vegetation along river banks and roadsides. Debris dams stop headward gully erosion. How much NZ Land is Class 1 and 2? - Answer Class 1 = 0.7% Class 2 = 4.5% Nutrient Removal? - Answer Harvesting crops removes nutrients, sustainable production requires nutrients to be replaced (fertilizers). Monitoring soil nutrients prevents unneeded fertilizer applications. What does organic fertiliser improve in soil? - Answer Soil Structure, Nutrient Holding-Capacity, Water-retaining Capacity. How does salinisation occur? - Answer Accumulation of salt in the soils, from poorly managed irrigation, or irrigation with salty water. Salt can't be evaporated out of soils, instead, it stays and inhibits soil productivity. How can you combat salt accumulation? - Answer Drainage, Plant Trees, Manage Irrigation, Add Ca to displace Na.
The main steps of Waste Water Treatment? - Answer Screening, Grit Removal, Solids removal, Disinfection, Solids Digestion, Sludge Dewatering, Other Plant. Screening? - Answer Removes larger solids Grit Removal? - Answer In the aeration tank, the rate of flow of the sewage is reduced allowing grit to be removed, nitrogen removal. Primary Sedimentation? - Answer Allows sedimentation to occur, BSD, TSS Removal. UV Radiation? - Answer Kills bacteria/microbes by deactivating their DNA, removes E.Coli. Digestion? - Answer Anaerobic digestion gas process, producing biogas used for plant power. Dewatering? - Answer Drying the solids. Advantages of Discharging treated effluents on land? - Answer +Doesn't pollute waterways as often
- Essential nutrients for plants and soil
- Prevents spread of disease, release of toxic compounds and eutrophication of waterways.
- Recycles and reuses plant nutrients = inc production.
- Heavy metals removed mostly by absorption or precipitation.
- BOD is satisfied, organic materials are decomposed by soil microbes.
- Low in cost and energy
- More Acceptable to Maori. Disadvantages of discharging treated effluent on land? - Answer
- Pasture becomes susceptible to die-back and uprooting by grazing animals.
- Effluent flow directly groundwater through large pores may decrease effluent treatment effectiveness.
- Nitrate may leach to groundwater, waterlogging.
- High levels of suspended solids being applied, or excessive microbial growth may cause soil pore blockage.
- Heavy metals accumulation
- High nitrogen may lead to toxic plant levels.
- High pH and sodium may cause loss in soil infiltration capacity.
- large areas of land required.
- Maori opposition at some sites.
