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Environmental Science B โ
Comprehensive Assessment Series
(Exam 1, Cumulative Pretest, AP
Alignment, U.S. Agriculture Focus).
Human health is unaffected by environmental limiting factors. - Correct Ans: False Using water more efficiently _______. a. protects the environment b. causes the loss of natural pollution filters c. increases water contamination d. all of the above - Correct Ans: A. Which of the following is true concerning sources of water pollution? a. Mine wastes and heavy metals become water pollution through storm water runoff. b. Biodegradable materials like food, wood, and leaves are not considered pollution. c. Petroleum byproducts and fuels end up as pollution principally from oil spills. d. Pesticides and herbicides do not commonly become water pollutants. - Correct Ans: A.
The trend of declining ecosystem resource availability and increasing demand for these resources can best be countered by _______. a. increasing the supply of ecosystem resources b. decreasing the demand for ecosystem resources c. applying sustainable development practices d. developing new technologies for resource collection - Correct Ans: C. National parks reduce the human impact on land by _______. a. permitting limited human development. b. cleaning up litter c. preventing human development d. preventing companies from polluting on public lands - Correct Ans: C. Changes to waterways will discontinue if human impacts on waterways cease. - Correct Ans: False Hedgerows have created a new ecosystem within Britain's _______. a. farms b. cities c.
the occurrence of global warming c. the need for action d. all of the above - Correct Ans: A. Which of the following best explains why humans need constant supplies of fresh water? a. Humans need a constant supply of water to provide them with essential vitamins. b. Humans need a constant supply of water to maintain proper hygiene. c. Constant supplies of freshwater are needed because body water is continually being lost. d. Constant supplies of freshwater are not actually necessary for survival. - Correct Ans: C. Which of the following will not contribute to resource conservation? a. using solar power b. recycling glass c. using nuclear power d. using biofuels - Correct Ans: B. What characteristic is shared by both inceptisols and entisols, the soils of flood plains? a.
They both have well-developed soil horizons and profiles. b. Both are young and only beginning to develop horizons and a soil profile. c. They are both at the final stage of soil development. d. None of the above - Correct Ans: B. Which of the following statements about large scale mineral extraction is true? a. The economic benefits of large scale mineral extraction outweigh the environmental costs. b. Large scale mineral extraction is more destructive than in the past. c. Large scale extraction is vital to the economy of mining towns. d. Mineral extraction cannot be done in ways that do not completely destroy the environment. - Correct Ans: C. Human use of groundwater has _______ over time. a. increased b. decreased c. decreased and then increased d. remained the same - Correct Ans: A.
Alternative energy technology can reduce the environmental impact of burning fossil fuels. d. There is no advantage to using an alternative energy technology. - Correct Ans: C. Governments and businesses have little impact on the environment. - Correct Ans: False Fossil fuels are an important natural resource used by society. Which of the following best describes fossil fuels? a. They are any liquid fuel derived from once-living matter. b. They are organic fuels derived from ancient plants and animals. c. They are fuels in which dinosaur fossils are commonly found. d. They are naturally occurring inorganic fuels like coal and petroleum. - Correct Ans: B. The use of nonrenewable resources can help sustain poverty levels. - Correct Ans: True Energy efficiency strategies are based on the assumption that consumers will be willing to pay more in exchange for reduced energy use. - Correct Ans: False The high productivity of American agriculture is exemplified by _______. a. low crop yields per farm worker b. high crop yields per farm worker
c. the small cultivated area per inhabitant d. the small cultivated area per farmer - Correct Ans: B. How has technology benefited energy production? a. It has provided for the use of alternate energy sources that have reduced impact on the environment. b. It has allowed for the use of energy sources that are renewable. c. It has allowed for the improvement of existing methods of producing energy. d. All of the above - Correct Ans: D. Select the sentences that correctly summarize how land is used in the United States. - Correct Ans: Pastures and forests make up a larger percentage of land use than cropland, miscellaneous, urban, and special uses Pastures make up 29% of total land use Select the sentences that correctly summarize how land is used in the United States - Correct Ans: Grasslands make up the largest use of land Special uses, such as national parks, wildlife areas, and railroads make up the smallest use of land Some methods of land use, such as forests, are better for the environment than others, such as urban uses. Enforce regulations such as setting bag limits and legal methods for taking wildlife. - Correct Ans: Enforce regulations such as setting bag limits and legal methods for taking wildlife - wildlife areas Rotate grazing animals to reduce the growth of undesirable plants - pastures
Which best completes the sentence? - Correct Ans: caused contamination to waterways How can controlled burns affect land fertility? Select all that apply. - Correct Ans: They can rid the forest of dead natural debris. They can destroy invasive plant species. They can prevent destructive wildfires. What is a political or social consequence of organic farming compared to conventional farming? - Correct Ans: The certification process for organic farms does not include labor standards; since these farms need more labor workers may be at risk of being overworked and undervalued. How can government funding and policies affect conventional farming and sustainable farming? - Correct Ans: Policymakers may not have enough funds to support conventional farming while implementing incentives for sustainable farming; this can cause a rift among policymakers choosing which side to fund. How can organic farming impact our current society? Select all that apply. - Correct Ans: Smaller farms may not be able to participate in organic certification due to the high cost of the organic certification process. Organic foods sell for a higher price, and affordability may be an issue for some people. How does the volume of crops produced by organic farming potentially lead to social consequences? - Correct Ans: Fewer crops are produced which decreases supply, making organic foods costly and less accessible. How is the environment affected when natural pesticides are used in organic farming? - Correct Ans: Since natural pesticides are usually not as effective as synthetic ones, farmers have to apply them more often. This means the compounds in the natural pesticides that may end up on organic foods could be above the safe limits set by farming standards.
Why might people in urban areas face greater health risks than those in rural areas? Select all that apply. - Correct Ans: There are usually fewer green spaces to filter pollutants. There are industrial processes producing pollutants in a smaller area. How would the temperature of a downtown urban area compare to the temperature of a rural area? - Correct Ans: The temperature is likely to be much hotter in the downtown area than in the rural area. What are examples of urbanization affecting global climate change? - Correct Ans: Fossil fuel burning from urban factories releases carbon into the atmosphere, which traps heat. How can urban conditions worsen global climate change? Select all that app - Correct Ans: Greenhouse gases from trains and buses retain heat in the atmosphere. Clearing land to build cities causes a loss of plants, which decreases the amount of carbon dioxide removed from the air. How does urbanization contribute to climate change? Select all that apply. - Correct Ans: Air pollution is worse in cities where industrial factories are close to each other. The air pollution alters the heating and cooling of the atmosphere. Intense heat waves cause urban dwellers to use more energy to cool their homes. This increased use of energy affects climate change. How do ethical beliefs influence the use of GMOs? - Correct Ans: People may think GMOs are ethical since they can be used to feed more people using fewer resources. Which is an example of how ethical beliefs influence food science? - Correct Ans: People may insist upon free-range farming since it is more humane for the animals.
home. - Correct Ans: Airborne toxins and pollutants released from a coal-fired power plant located 2 miles from my home could potentially cause asthma (and other breathing difficulties), neurological damage, cardiovascular issues, cancer, and premature death. In which of the following layers of the atmosphere is ozone considered a pollutant? - Correct Ans: troposphere Which of the following is most likely the missing reactant in the reaction below? ______________ + VOC + heat + sunlight --> O3 - Correct Ans: nitrogen oxide (NOx) Which of the following systems of the body is most widely affected by ozone pollution? - Correct Ans: respiratory Which of the following objects contributes ozone-depleting substances? - Correct Ans: air conditioners Melanoma can result from - Correct Ans: depletion of the ozone in the stratosphere The Clean Air Act limits consumption and production of which of the following? - Correct Ans: I. carbon monoxide, II. nitrogen dioxide, and III. chlorofluorocarbons According to most models, when will the Antarctic ozone layer recover? - Correct Ans: 2050 Which of the following does not contribute to the creation of the Antarctic ozone hole? - Correct Ans: I. methyl benzoate ONLY
Which of the following levels of ozone at the Antarctic would be cause for greatest concern? - Correct Ans: 100 Which of the following is the primary environmental problem associated with the use of chlorofluorocarbons? - Correct Ans: ozone loss According to the EPA, what is the estimated percent of time that residents of the United States spend indoors? - Correct Ans: 90% Which of the following are considered in the highest risk category for suffering health effects from indoor air pollution? - Correct Ans: I. a two-year-old, II. an 86-year-old, and III. someone with asthma Which of the following indoor pollutants is colorless and odorless? - Correct Ans: I. radon ONLY Which of the following is the best way to decrease biological contaminants as a source of indoor air pollution? - Correct Ans: Maintain a relative humidity of 30 to 50 percent Which of the following pollutants are most likely the result of a malfunctioning chimney? carbon monoxide - Correct Ans: I. carbon monoxide, II. nitrogen oxide, and III. particulate matter In which of the following would you most likely find formaldehyde? - Correct Ans: a pressed wood table Which of the following is the best estimate of the percent of the world that relies on biomass energy? - Correct Ans: 50% Which of the following radon reduction systems could best be installed in a home with a crawl space beneath it? - Correct Ans: sub-membrane suction
Farmers in the United States grow more diverse crops than any other country in the world. - Correct Ans: โ
True
- or - โ False Gradually taking over a long period of time is known as commodities. - Correct Ans: โ True
- or - โ
False The 2002 Farm Bill gives money to farmers who grow crops like wheat and soybeans, but not to fruit and vegetable farmers. - Correct Ans: โ
True
- or - โ False Some farmers have been selling their lands to developers because it is more cost-efficient to do so than to grow crops. - Correct Ans: โ
True
- or - โ False The FBI regulates the use of pesticides in agricultural crops. - Correct Ans: โ True
- or - โ
False
