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EDF 6223 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH
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Ms. Anita Response wants to increase the number of words Sophie writes in her stories during creative writing time. She uses shaping to do so. What dimension of behavior is she shaping? a) Amplitude b) Frequency c) Duration d) Latency - ANS ✓b) Frequency An example of shaping within a response topography is: a)Increasing the number of math problems an individual needs to complete during math class b)Increasing the duration of in-seat behavior during seatwork time c)Increasing the force of a tennis swing d)All of these are examples of shaping within a response topography - ANS ✓d)All of these are examples of shaping within a response topography T or F - The functional variation of extinction is withholding maintaining reinforcers - ANS ✓True What is the other variation of extinction? - ANS ✓procedural - ignoring A procedure in which reinforcement of a previously reinforced behavior is discontinued and as a result, occurrences of that behavior decrease in the future is: a.) Punishment b.) Extinction c.) Reinforcement d.) Establishing operation - ANS ✓b.) Extinction What form of extinction is used when the reinforcer (or reinforcers) maintaining a behavior is withheld? a. Procedural b. Functional c. Standard d. Respondent - ANS ✓b. Functional
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What are the common misuses of the term extinction? a. Confusing forgetting and extinction b. Confusing response blocking and sensory extinction c. Confusing noncontingent reinforcement and extinction d. All of these - ANS ✓d. All of these Delivering a stimulus with known reinforcing properties to an individual on a fixed time or variable time schedule independently of responding is known as which procedure? a. Extinction b. Noncontingent Reinforcement (NCR) c. Differential Reinforcement d. Punishment - ANS ✓b. Noncontingent Reinforcement (NCR) What is the main effect of an extinction procedure? a. Increase in behavior b. No change in behavior c. Behavior decreases and/or stops entirely d. The effects are unknown - ANS ✓c. Behavior decreases and/or stops entirely When is it not appropriate to utilize an extinction procedure? a. When inappropriate behaviors are likely to be imitated by others b. When behaviors are harmful to self or others c. Both of these d. None of these - ANS ✓c. Both of these In DRA, a practitioner: a. Reinforces a desirable alternative to the problem behavior b. Places the problem behavior on extinction c. May choose to reinforce a behavior that is incompatible with the problem behavior d. All of these are correct - ANS ✓d. All of these are correct The behavior selected as an alternative behavior in a DRA: a. Should already be in the learner's repertoire. b. Should require more effort than the problem behavior. c. Should be emitted at a very low rate prior to intervention. d. Should require extensive training for practitioners to learn how to reinforce it. - ANS ✓a. Should already be in the learner's repertoire. A limitation of DRO is: a. Other inappropriate behaviors may be reinforced accidentally. b. One may accidentally punish all responding in the individual. c. It often produces an extinction burst effect. d. The effects have
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periods of time where he has not picked. Is Dwight using the term extinction correctly> - ANS ✓No You have a client who refuses to eat food at dinner. You begin presenting food for the client to eat and only remove the presentation of food when 5 bites have been swallowed. This is an example of: escape extinction, resistance to extinction, attention extinction, establishing operations - ANS ✓escape extinction A client exhibits disruptive behavior while grocery shopping with his mother. The parent delivers a reinforcer every 5-7 minutes that the target behavior does not occur. This procedure is part of: DRI, DRO, DRA, DRL - ANS ✓DRO A behavior plan has a DRA procedure in which a student is given the reinforcing consequence of being answered any time he raises his hand instead of shouting out. The teacher accidentally responds to him sometimes. What is one thing you should consider when modifying this procedure?: a. Adding punishment B. delaying the answering of the student C. Provide coaching so that he is answered only when his hand is raised D. implement an intermittent schedule of reinforcement for hand raising - ANS ✓C. Provide coaching so that he is answered only when his hand is raised With an understanding of the imitation process, applied behavior analysts can use imitation as an intervention to: a.) Eliminate Old Behaviors b.) Evoke New behaviors c.) Create teaching sequences d.) Reinforce appropriate behaviors - ANS ✓b.) Evoke New behaviors Regardless of the behavior modeled, the objective of imitation training is for the learner to do what? a.) What the model does b.) What the trainer asked or commanded c.) What behavior fits the situation d.) What behavior will receive reinforcement - ANS ✓a.) What the model does
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True or False - Task Analysis involves breaking a complex skill into smaller, teachable units, the product of which is a series of sequentially order steps or behaviors. - ANS ✓True How should a task analysis be individualized? - ANS ✓According to age, skill level and experience of the person in question True or False - Chaining can be used to add behaviors to an existing behavioral repertoire? - ANS ✓True A behavior chain with a limited hold means: a.) The number of steps in the chain is limited. b.)The learner must "hold" his/her responses for a specified period of time. c.)The entire chain or steps within the chain must be completed in a given period of time. d.)Accuracy of the performance of steps is not important. - ANS ✓c.)The entire chain or steps within the chain must be completed in a given period of time. What is the probability of reinforcement when utilizing an extinction procedure? a) O% b) 15% c) 50% d) Variable - ANS ✓a) O% An immediate increase in frequency and/or amplitude of the response after the removal of the maintaining reinforcer is called a. Extinction burst b. Reinforcement c. Noncontingent reinforcement d. Punishment - ANS ✓a. Extinction burst The reappearance of a behavior after it has diminished to its pre-reinforced level and/or stopped entirely is called: a) Extinction burst b) Spontaneous recovery c) Differential reinforcement d) Procedural extinction - ANS ✓b) Spontaneous recovery Differential reinforcement always includes what two principles of behavior? a. Reinforcement and punishment b. Reinforcement and stimulus control c. Reinforcement and extinction d. Positive and negative reinforcement - ANS ✓c. Reinforcement and extinction
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with known reinforcing properties that are delivered on a fixed-time or variable-time schedule dependent on the learner's behavior - ANS ✓b) Stimuli with known reinforcing properties that are delivered on a fixed-time or variable-time schedule independent of the learner's behavior A contingency contract: a)Is a verbal agreement among two individuals b)Specifies how two people will behave toward each other c)Often causes scapegoating among learners and peers d)Depends largely on the use of punishment for its effectiveness - ANS ✓b)Specifies how two people will behave toward each other The primary reason one might consider using a level system with a token system is that: a) Doing so can foster self-management b) Doing so makes it easier to withdraw the token economy c) Level systems are more preferred for all learners d) Level systems are easier to manage - ANS ✓a) Doing so can foster self-management Token economies often need to be: a) Complex b) Individualized c) Maintained forever d) All of these - ANS ✓b) Individualized When selecting backup reinforcers: a) Consider ethical and legal issues b) It is a good idea to use basic need items (e.g., lunch) as a reinforcer c) Keep the pool of backup reinforcers small d) Never use edibles - ANS ✓a) Consider ethical and legal issues A teacher says to his class: "Melissa is working on remembering to follow instructions when I give them. Melissa is going to keep track of whether or not she follows my instructions. If she follows 90% of my instructions today (or better), our whole class will watch a movie at the end of the day." What type of group contingency is this? a) Independent b) Dependent c) Interdependent d) None of these - ANS ✓b) Dependent Group contingencies can: a) Lighten the workload for the practitioner b) Save time c) Create problems with learners d) All of these - ANS ✓d) All of these
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How could a learner sabotage a group contingency? a) By purposefully not meeting the performance criterion so that no one gets the reinforcer b) By not showing up for school on a given day c) By urging peers to participate in the program d) By congratulating peers who are meeting the criterion - ANS ✓a) By purposefully not meeting the performance criterion so that no one gets the reinforcer An interdependent group contingency is most useful if: a) One wants to change the behavior of one person or a small group of individuals b) One wants to differentially reinforce individuals for appropriate behavior c) One wants to change everyone's performance d) All of these - ANS ✓c) One wants to change everyone's performance The personal application of behavior change tactics that produces a desired change in behavior is: a) Self-management b) Managing behaviors c) Behavior management d) Behavior modification - ANS ✓a) Self-management Self-management can help individuals to: a) Break bad habits and replace with good ones b) Accomplish difficult tasks c) Achieve personal goals d) All of these - ANS ✓d) All of these Self-monitoring is best defined as: a) A procedure whereby persons observe their own behavior and record only the occurrence of the target behavior b) A procedure whereby persons observe the behavior of someone else and systematically record the occurrence or nonoccurrence of the target behavior c) A procedure whereby persons observe their behavior systematically and record the occurrence or nonoccurrence of the target behavior d) A procedure whereby persons observe their behavior and someone else systematically records the occurrence or nonoccurrence of the target behavior. - ANS ✓c) A procedure whereby persons observe their behavior systematically and record the occurrence or nonoccurrence of the target behavior Suggested guidelines for effective and efficient self-monitoring include: a) Make materials cumbersome and sophisticated b) Never provide
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Potential learners cannot imitate if they do not have this prerequisite skill: a.) The behavior in their repertoire b.) Attending to the model c.) Decrease in problem behavior d.) Ability to define the behavior - ANS ✓b.) Attending to the model If you want to create a task analysis for a behavior you have no idea how to do yourself, how could you construct it? a) You could find people who are good at the behavior and ask them how to do it. b) You could watch people who know how to do the task and observe what they do. c) You could go to the literature to see if there are any published task analyses of the behavior. d) All of these - ANS ✓d) All of these What are the two exceptions to components in a behavior chain serving a dual function? - ANS ✓First and last behaviors Give an example of a behavior chain. - ANS ✓putting on a coat, making a sandwich, setting the table, wrapping a gift List one of 3 methods to validate a task analysis. - ANS ✓observe competent individuals complete the desired sequence of behaviors, consult with experts, perform the behaviors yourself
