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Earth Science B (Honors) Semester B Assessment with Verified Solutions Solutions., Exams of Science education

Texas State UniversityScience education

Earth Science B (Honors) Semester B Assessment with Verified Solutions Solutions.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 07/14/2025

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Earth Science B (Honors) – Semester B
Assessment with Verified Solutions.
A scientist observes that a region covered by permafrost a few years ago has now thawed.
How could this trend be related to the use of fossil fuels?
1. Greenhouse gases trap more heat in Earth's atmosphere.
2. Soil thaws more easily as it becomes more acidic.
3. Factories using fossil fuels generate heat.
4. Particulate matter covers and warms the ground. - Correct Ans: 1. Greenhouse
gases trap more heat in Earth's atmosphere.
Drag each phrase to indicate whether it shows the impact of aquaponics systems or the
impact of conventional farming on the environment.
options:
decreases land usage
decreases cost for equipment and energy usage
decreases the amount of water supply
increases fertilizer runoff - Correct Ans: AQUAPONICS:
decreases land usage
decreases cost for equipment and energy usage
CONVENTIONAL FARMING:
decreases the amount of water supply
increases fertilizer runoff
Which factors increase the heat absorbed by a land surface? Select the two correct
answers.
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Download Earth Science B (Honors) Semester B Assessment with Verified Solutions Solutions. and more Exams Science education in PDF only on Docsity!

Earth Science B (Honors) – Semester B

Assessment with Verified Solutions.

A scientist observes that a region covered by permafrost a few years ago has now thawed. How could this trend be related to the use of fossil fuels?

  1. Greenhouse gases trap more heat in Earth's atmosphere.
  2. Soil thaws more easily as it becomes more acidic.
  3. Factories using fossil fuels generate heat.
  4. Particulate matter covers and warms the ground. - Correct Ans: 1. Greenhouse gases trap more heat in Earth's atmosphere. Drag each phrase to indicate whether it shows the impact of aquaponics systems or the impact of conventional farming on the environment. options: decreases land usage decreases cost for equipment and energy usage decreases the amount of water supply increases fertilizer runoff - Correct Ans: AQUAPONICS: decreases land usage decreases cost for equipment and energy usage CONVENTIONAL FARMING: decreases the amount of water supply increases fertilizer runoff Which factors increase the heat absorbed by a land surface? Select the two correct answers.
  1. removing plants
  2. becoming paler
  3. becoming smoother
  4. removing snow
  5. becoming wetter - Correct Ans: 1. removing plants
  6. removing snow Drag each phrase to show whether it causes water pollution or is an effect of water pollution. options: overgrazing use of chemical fertilizers to enhance production algal blooms high concentration of nitrogen in water - Correct Ans: CAUSE: overgrazing use of chemical fertilizers to enhance production EFFECT: algal blooms high concentration of nitrogen in water What is the fall line?
  7. a flat, lowland area on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean
  8. a series of mountains and mountain ridges that are related
  9. a tall, steep area where rivers form rapids and waterfalls
  10. a raised area in the foothills of the Appalachian Mountains - Correct Ans: 3. a tall, steep area where rivers form rapids and waterfalls
  1. Underground mines are more likely to cause water pollution, which causes sinkholes.
  2. Underground mines may collapse after mining is complete, which causes sinkholes.
  3. Underground mines release gases, which causes sinkholes. - Correct Ans: 3. Underground mines may collapse after mining is complete, which causes sinkholes. Which situations described are examples of a standards and measurements issue related to land reclamation? Select the two correct answers.
  4. Vegetation introduced to a reclaimed site is an invasive species that isn't native to the area.
  5. Monitoring of water quality at a reclaimed site shows high levels of metals, like lead, in the water.
  6. The funding by a local developer to repurpose a reclamation site as a shopping center is withdrawn.
  7. A mining company claims that protecting an endangered species should not be included in permitting.
  8. Despite permit agreements, a mining company abandons a mine site after closure of the mine. - Correct Ans: 1. Vegetation introduced to a reclaimed site is an invasive species that isn't native to the area.
  9. Monitoring of water quality at a reclaimed site shows high levels of metals, like lead, in the water. How did the use of coal affect human activity in the 1800s?
  10. The automobile industry used coal to fuel cars, expanding people's use of transportation.
  11. The food industry used coal to make plastics, making storing goods more efficient.
  12. The steel industry used coal to produce electricity, making electricity available to everyone across the country.
  13. The railroad industry used coal to power steam engines, allowing businesses to build more factories for the production of goods. - Correct Ans: 4. The railroad industry used coal to power steam engines, allowing businesses to build more factories for the production of goods.

Which statement best describes how the availability of minerals affects human activity?

  1. Humans must find new mining areas in order to protect the environment.
  2. Humans tend to migrate toward areas with plentiful mineral resources.
  3. Humans must depend on the mineral resources that are easy to access.
  4. Humans tend to seek out the rarest minerals for the greatest economic benefit. - Correct Ans: 2. Humans tend to migrate toward areas with plentiful mineral resources. Which of the following is one way that beach erosion can occur?
  5. storm waves pulling sand from the beach out into the ocean
  6. currents increasing the sand on the beach with additional sand from the ocean
  7. currents replacing sand on the beach with sand from the ocean
  8. storm waves bringing sand to the beach from the ocean - Correct Ans: 1. storm waves pulling sand from the beach out into the ocean Which water conservation strategy is being used when a household uses eco-friendly cleaning products?
  9. reusing and recycling
  10. pollution prevention
  11. limiting consumption
  12. eliminating losses - Correct Ans: 2. pollution prevention Which of the following is a possible consequence of damage to infrastructure due to flooding?
  13. The prices of local crops are lowered.
  14. Pollutants are spread to farmland.

Which of the following show how mining for materials used in smart devices impacts the environment? Select the three correct answers.

  1. increases soil erosion
  2. increases child labor
  3. grows the economy
  4. degrades vegetation
  5. creates competition for water - Correct Ans: 1. increases soil erosion
  6. degrades vegetation
  7. creates competition for water Which of the following sources of pollution decrease the oxygen level of water? Select the two correct answers.
  8. animal manure
  9. plant fertilizer
  10. gasoline
  11. toxic metals
  12. radioactive substances - Correct Ans: 1. animal manure
  13. plant fertilizer How is land subsidence related to a rise in human population?
  14. Land subsidence happens when the increased demand for water causes the levels of the water table to rise.
  15. Land subsidence happens when the increased demand for water results in rapid recharging of aquifers.
  16. Land subsidence happens when the increased demand for water is countered with sound agricultural practices.
  1. Land subsidence happens when the increased demand for water causes the levels of the water table to lower. - Correct Ans: What should be done to ensure that a beach nourishment project remains effective for as long as possible?
  2. The beach should be free of vegetation.
  3. The area of the beach farthest from the water should receive the most sand.
  4. Dredging should be done as close to the shore as possible.
  5. Large, coarse grains of sand should be used. - Correct Ans: 4. Large, coarse grains of sand should be used. Which of the following steps was necessary for the formation of all fossil fuels?
  6. Carbon bonds break, producing methane gas.
  7. The remains of plants and animals are buried at the bottom of swamps.
  8. The remains of plants and animals are buried at the bottom of oceans.
  9. Heat and pressure build up on top of decaying matter. - Correct Ans: 4. Heat and pressure build up on top of decaying matter. A town develops green space on top of an apartment building. This provides a relaxing place for the renters while also allowing the owners to charge higher rents. Which benefits of green space does this situation provide?
  10. environmental and health
  11. environmental, health, and economic
  12. economic and environmental
  13. health and economic - Correct Ans: 4. health and economic If the specific heat capacity of water were smaller than it is, how would this affect oceans and climate?

lithium graphite - Correct Ans: SCREENS: silicon, bauxite BATTERIES: lithium, graphite Drag each phrase to indicate whether it describes bottled water or tap water. options: produces plastic waste produces transportation pollution costs less held to more stringent quality standards - Correct Ans: BOTTLED WATER: produces plastic waste produces transportation pollution TAP WATER: costs less held to more stringent quality standards How does stormwater management help control flooding in cities?

  1. It includes providing areas of green space to help with runoff.
  2. It mandates elevating all structures above flood level.
  3. It incorporates seawalls as a way to stop floods.
  4. It helps to relocate homes off of the floodplain. - Correct Ans: 1. It includes providing areas of green space to help with runoff.

Which of the following farming practices use water most efficiently? Select the two correct answers.

  1. using sprinklers
  2. tilling soil
  3. planting perennial crops
  4. using drip irrigation
  5. planting annual crops - Correct Ans: 3. planting perennial crops
  6. using drip irrigation Which of the following statements about flood mitigation is true?
  7. It costs roughly the same to fund flood mitigation projects as paying for repairs after flooding has occurred.
  8. It is cheaper to pay for repairs after flooding has occurred than to fund flood mitigation projects.
  9. It is cheaper to fund flood mitigation projects than to pay for repairs after flooding has occurred.
  10. Minimal research has been done comparing the costs of funding flood mitigation projects to the cost of repairs after flooding has occurred. - Correct Ans: 3. It is cheaper to fund flood mitigation projects than to pay for repairs after flooding has occurred. Which statement best describes trends in safety in underground and surface mining in the United States?
  11. Fatal injury rates are higher for surface mining than for underground mining.
  12. Injury rates for both underground and surface mining have decreased over the past four decades.
  13. Underground mining has lower rates of fatal and nonfatal injuries than surface mining.
  14. Injury rates for both underground and surface mining decreased in the 1900s but rose sharply in the last decade. - Correct Ans: 2. Injury rates for both underground and surface mining have decreased over the past four decades.
  1. It removes biological, chemical, and physical contaminants.
  2. It causes sediment to accumulate in surface water.
  3. It generates solid waste that is disposed of back into the water supply.
  4. It removes contaminants from groundwater only. - Correct Ans: 1. It removes biological, chemical, and physical contaminants. Which of the following are challenges to implementing sustainable farming practices? Select the two correct answers.
  5. lack of pollinating insects
  6. increased erosion
  7. higher initial costs
  8. increased labor costs
  9. increased need for fertilizer - Correct Ans: 3. higher initial costs
  10. increased labor costs In which situation would alley cropping be most useful for sustainable farming?
  11. growing crops on a mountainside
  12. growing crops that require a lot of shade
  13. growing crops in an area with little rainfall
  14. growing crops that need the same nutrients from the soil - Correct Ans: 2. growing crops that require a lot of shade Match each characteristic according to whether it occurs during a glacial period or an interglacial period. options: low levels of carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere

low sea level low global temperature high levels of carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere high global temperature high sea level - Correct Ans: GLACIAL PERIOD: low levels of carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere low sea level low global temperature INTERGLACIAL PERIOD: high levels of carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere high global temperature high sea level Drag the terms into the table to indicate an advantage or disadvantage of using aluminum in the production of cans. options: abundant easier to crush harder to extract reacts with other elements - Correct Ans: ADVANTAGE: abundant easier to crush DISADVATAGE: harder to extract reacts with other elements

A. 3.3 GtC/yr out of the atmosphere B. 3.3 GtC/yr into the atmosphere C. 2.2 GtC/yr out of the atmosphere D. 2.2 GtC/yr into the atmosphere - Correct Ans: B. 3.3 GtC/yr into the atmosphere

  1. absorbed and re-emitted