DESIGN CONSTRAINTS
1. Economic
•Economic constraint is the most limiting factor in any design project. It is always part of the
design because cost is an integral part of construction since early civilization. This constraint
refers to the budget that a client can provide to be able to construct and sustain the
construction cost and maintenance cost of the water supply system. The cost of the project is
significant both to the designer and client. The designer will be trading-off Branch System or
Dead End System, Loop System or Grid-Iron System, Radial System and Ring System. Branch
System is cheap because it uses economical size of pipes. Loop System is expensive in a way
that this trade-off uses a lot number of pipes for the loops. Radial System has lower amount of
initial cost and low maintenance cost but the users are dependent on a single distributor which
causes interruption to all the consumers that are connected to the distributor. Ring system is
expensive it requires more materials.
2. Constructability
•This constraint is the ratio of number of workers to be hired for the construction of the water
supply system to the period of time that it takes to be built. One of these parameters will be
considered as constant so as to calculate and meet the accurate difference between the two.
The time duration of the project may affect the total cost of the project. A delayed project is
added in the economic constraint.
3. Serviceability
•Water supply system meet limitations but some part of the water system is being damaged
accidentally. The safety of the water supply system is one of the thing to be considered. Its
safety matter makes the water supply system function effectively.
4. Sustainability
•Sustainability constraint is a stage of any design project to perform under normal operating
conditions for the given length of time. It is included to be one of the constraints because in civil
engineering, sustainability refers to the condition under which a design project is still
