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Concepts, Summarization, Summaries of Medicine

Summary and Concepts of assessment

Typology: Summaries

2021/2022

Uploaded on 09/16/2022

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Name: Fernando, Mac Leo Luis A.
BSN – 3A
Perspectives on Aging
Aging is a Developmental Process
- Sr Lety Kuan views life as a 3-pronged course
- 3 components of life course:
o Acquisition
o Struggle
o Legacy
- Components are the sum of experiences an individual has gathered throughout
existence (positive and negative)
- Continuous process that starts from conception up to old age
Acquisition
➢ Affects one’s capabilities to face challenges and struggles in life
➢ Good acquisition in early stage of life is crucial
➢ Usually handed over by parents, but as individual grows, he/she now performs the
acquisition alone or with others
➢ Environment and relationship with others shape how one acquires life
➢ Obstacles may present itself along the way to test acquisition
➢ positive acquisition
o lightens the burden, resulting in successful problem solving and bright
achievements
o cheerful disposition
➢ negative acquisition
o can lead to increased struggles, regrets, and dissatisfaction
o grumpy, antisocial demeanor
Legacy
➢ stage in life where a person has achieved self-actualization, radiating goodness
accumulated over time
➢ when one has been inspiration for others and has made a big contribution to society
Life Perspective/ Graceful Aging Theory
- Developed by Sr Lety Kuan
- Good education is crucial in stablishing a good legacy
o good education is the best we can give to children
- Economic status is not a hindrance to establish a good legacy
o What a child has grown up with (ex: presence/absence of affection, attention,
etc) is what he/she will bring up into adulthood
o Honesty and love are what matters in the upbringing of a person
- Regardless of religion, if one is spiritual, one cannot be cruel or selfish (sharing is a key
factor)
- In terms of dealing with people without good acquisition, it is the therapeutic role of a
nurse/caretaker to let them acquire what they missed early in life
o One must reflect the things they missed in the past to help them acquire it
o What the person lacks, the nurse must fill in
Demography of Aging & Implication for Health and Nursing Care
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Name: Fernando, Mac Leo Luis A. BSN – 3A Perspectives on Aging Aging is a Developmental Process

  • Sr Lety Kuan views life as a 3-pronged course
    • 3 components of life course: o Acquisition o Struggle o Legacy
  • Components are the sum of experiences an individual has gathered throughout existence (positive and negative)
  • Continuous process that starts from conception up to old age Acquisition ➢ Affects one’s capabilities to face challenges and struggles in life ➢ Good acquisition in early stage of life is crucial ➢ Usually handed over by parents, but as individual grows, he/she now performs the acquisition alone or with others ➢ Environment and relationship with others shape how one acquires life ➢ Obstacles may present itself along the way to test acquisition ➢ positive acquisition o lightens the burden, resulting in successful problem solving and bright achievements o cheerful disposition ➢ negative acquisition o can lead to increased struggles, regrets, and dissatisfaction o grumpy, antisocial demeanor Legacy ➢ stage in life where a person has achieved self-actualization, radiating goodness accumulated over time ➢ when one has been inspiration for others and has made a big contribution to society Life Perspective/ Graceful Aging Theory
  • Developed by Sr Lety Kuan
  • Good education is crucial in stablishing a good legacy o good education is the best we can give to children
  • Economic status is not a hindrance to establish a good legacy o What a child has grown up with (ex: presence/absence of affection, attention, etc) is what he/she will bring up into adulthood o Honesty and love are what matters in the upbringing of a person
  • Regardless of religion, if one is spiritual, one cannot be cruel or selfish (sharing is a key factor)
  • In terms of dealing with people without good acquisition, it is the therapeutic role of a nurse/caretaker to let them acquire what they missed early in life o One must reflect the things they missed in the past to help them acquire it o What the person lacks, the nurse must fill in Demography of Aging & Implication for Health and Nursing Care

Global Aging

  • proportion of world’s population over 60 y.o will nearly double (12% to 22%) between 2015 and 2050
  • indicates that people worldwide are living longer
  • population aging is 1st^ century’s dominant demographic phenomenon
  • reasons: o declining fertility o increasing life expectancy of older ages causing elder shares to rise worldwide
  • Reasons for changes in life expectancy: o Improved sanitation o Advances in medical care o Implementation of preventive health services
  • Life expectancy on a global level: o Men: 69.9 years; 65 y.o and above (between 2015-2020) can expect to live for an additional 17 years o Women: 72.3 years (5 years longer than men) Aging in the Philippines
  • There exists a 4.2% increase in persons aged 60 years, and a 0.4% increase in persons aged 80 years and above (between 2010- 2030) Impact of Aging in the Family ➢ The physical and financial challenges of aging don’t just affect the elderly who are facing them firsthand. ➢ Their issues have a tremendous impact on everyone around them. This doesn’t just mean their spouses or partners, but also their extended families, friends, and communities. ➢ Many Filipinos view the aging process from direct interactions with their family members and older Filipinos in their surrounding community. ➢ Living in multigenerational households and communities shape perceptions of aging as a responsibility, due to the establishment of family roles, adult engagement in the workforce, and family social ties (Valdez, Angeles, Pareja-Corpuz, & Hernandez, 2013). ➢ Many of the older individuals experience a decline in their physical and cognitive functioning. This has made them lose the ability to live independently, forcing them to seek long-term care services from institutions like long-stay hospitals, nursing homes, residential care and assisted living facilities. ➢ Families with older people often carry the burden of caring for these individuals, accumulating significant costs when they do. In less developed countries where affordable long-term care facilities are not available, families with elderly adults withdraw from their employment or school commitments just to care for these family members and make ends meet. They may end up with significant debt due to their hospitalization, medication maintenance, and home care adjustment costs.
  1. Continuity Theory/ Development Theory
    • By Havighurst and associates
    • States that older adults will maintain the same activities, behaviors, and relationships as they did in their earlier years of life
    • Older adults try to maintain the continuity of lifestyle by adapting strategies that are connected to their past experiences
    • Suggests that personality is well-developed by the time one reaches old age and tends to remain consistent across the lifespan
    • 4 types of personality: a)Integrated- older persons are able to adjust to aging process where there is broad engagement and are more focused and selective particularly in terms of activities and in relating to other people b) Armored-Defended- continues activities and roles held during middle age c) Passive Dependent- older individuals who are either highly dependent or exhibits disinterest in the external world d) Unintegrated- least well-adjusted individuals who fails to cope with aging successfully Biological Theories of Aging
  1. Cellular/Biological Aging
    • Aging results from impact of the accumulation of a wide variety of molecular and cellular damage over time
    • Leads to a gradual decrease in physical and mental capacity
    • Changes are neither linear nor consistent and are only loosely associated with a person’s age
    • Cells are programmed to follow a biological “clock” and stop replicating over time
  2. Immunological/ Autoimmune Theory
    • Regards normal aging process as being related to faulty immunological function
    • Decreased immune function among elderly
    • Body’s immune system will attack ad destroy its own body cells
    • Thymus gland shrinks in size slowly loses its ability to function, causing the body to be prone to infections
  3. Wear and Tear Theory
    • Bod and its cells are damaged at a tissue and cellular level
    • Due to the wearing out, overuse and abuse of the body
    • Viewed as a result of aging and not a cause of it
    • Examples: occurrence of osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, etc
    • Overtime, cumulative changes occurring in cells age and damage cellular metabolism