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CLR 110 - Clarity Data Model
Fundamentals Questions And Correct
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What is the first step in the report writing process? - CORRECT ANSWER-Analyze request for key features...
- Who needs it
- What purpose
- How much data should it return
- How up to date does the data need to be
- How does the data need to be formatted The most important decision of the report writing process is... - CORRECT ANSWER- Which reporting tool can best be used to meet the reporting need In general, Operational Reports share the following key characteristics: - **CORRECT ANSWER-1. Time-sensitive
- Relatively small
- Easily accessible
- Actionable** ____ _____ generally put more emphasis on filtering out unnecessary information than they do on showing a comprehensive picture. - CORRECT ANSWER-Operational reports What is the difference between operational and analytical reports? - CORRECT ANSWER-Operational reports are real-time reports needed by end users to do
their jobs. Analytical reports are over-time reports that show long-term trends and data. Why should you use Clarity for analytical reporting needs? - CORRECT ANSWER-Clarity reports can be run over very large data sets without slowing down your production server. They also can include complex grouping and mathematics, and can be used to do integrated reporting on Epic and non-Epic data. Why should you not use Clarity for operational reporting needs? - CORRECT ANSWER- Most importantly, Clarity data is not real-time, so any operational reports built from Clarity data will be out-of-date from the moment they're generated. They also cannot be used interactively, such as in a workflow where the report jumps a user to a patient's chart. You have a reporting need, and there is no pre-built application report to meet it. Do you need to use Clarity to meet this need? - CORRECT ANSWER-Not necessarily. Reporting Workbench can be used for many non-standard reporting needs. Would the following report be an operational or analytical report? Create a report that counts the number of logs each surgeon has been documented as performing in during the past year. Display the log ID, the name of the surgeon, and the log's primary procedure. - CORRECT ANSWER-Analytical report The report should display all patient encounters where the patient was less than 18 years old at the time of the encounter. The report should be grouped by the primary visit provider, and then by patient. Visits without a visit provider should be excluded. For each provider, the report should show the provider's name. For each patient, the report should show the patient's name, primary MRN, and sex. For each encounter, the report should show the date of the encounter, the patient's age at the time of the encounter, and the patient's weight at the time of the encounter.
These reports are integrated into Epic's applications as part of the workflow, and are by far the tools end users are most familiar with. - CORRECT ANSWER-Application Reports ____ _____ is a standardized operational reporting tool that can provide a similar look- and-feel to reports across applications. - CORRECT ANSWER-Reporting Workbench Almost every Epic application releases standard Reporting Workbench report templates, including _____, _____, and _____ applications - CORRECT ANSWER-1. Clinical
**2. Billing
- Access** True or False It is possible to substantially modify a Reporting Workbench template or even to create a new one from scratch - CORRECT ANSWER-True Because Reporting Workbench is integrated into Hyperspace, it can be acted on just like an ____ _____ - CORRECT ANSWER-Application Report _____ is the programming language on which Chronicles is built - CORRECT ANSWER- Caché Script A custom _____ report has almost limitless flexibility, and in many cases can be optimized for much better speed at a certain task than another tool can provide. - CORRECT ANSWER-Caché Analytical reports generally share the following characteristics: - **CORRECT ANSWER-1. Comprehensive
- Summarized
- Standardized** Which Analytical report characteristic is described below...
Analytical reports are designed to make sense out of large patterns. To discern large patterns, they need access to large amounts of data. An operational report might display ten data points; an analytical report might display ten million. - CORRECT ANSWER-Comprehensive Which Analytical report characteristic is described below... While the analytical report might be based on ten million data points, there are very few people that want a ten million line document. Generally, analytical reports are grouped and summarized. Gleaning a few key numbers out of a vast bulk of data can require much more sophisticated mathematics than are generally required by operational reports. - CORRECT ANSWER-Summarized Which Analytical report characteristic is described below... The readers of analytical reports are often not Epic end users; they're managers and executives who expect their data to be presented in a certain format. In addition, they may want to see non-Epic data, such as payroll information, integrated with Epic data.
- CORRECT ANSWER-Standardized When faced with an analytical reporting need, there's generally one tool of choice:
- CORRECT ANSWER-Clarity _____ is a tool that extracts data from your Chronicles production system, transforms it into a relational format, and loads it onto a separate reporting server - CORRECT ANSWER-Clarity Consider the example reporting request: Total number of appointments scheduled in each of your clinics over the last year, broken down by clinic and showing the average length of each clinic's appointments
Clarity extracts data from production on a daily, weekly, or even less-often basis. Clarity data should always be assumed to be at least 24 hours out of date. Clarity reports are often delivered via email or an external reporting portal. The reports are not going to be as integrated into end-users' workflows as, for example, Application Reports. You may find a reporting need that requires real-time data and large quantities of it. Once you've established that the reporting need really does require real-time data, how should you find a way to meet the need? - CORRECT ANSWER-Use an operational tool by breaking the report down into several smaller reports that can be run at different times. Since Clarity data is not extracted in real-time, the need for real- time data precludes the use of Clarity. Clarity data has historically been distributed by means outside of Hyperspace, such as
- CORRECT ANSWER-Email delivery or a third-party reporting portal What are two mechanisms available that allow you to integrate your Clarity reports into Hyperspace: - CORRECT ANSWER-Epic-Crystal Integration Radar. Using - _____, a Crystal Report based off of Clarity data can be configured to appear in the My Reports activity in Hyperspace right next to the Reporting Workbench reports
- CORRECT ANSWER-Epic-Crystal Integration A user can subscribe to a Crystal report by adding it to their favorites. The user ____ ____ _____ _____ _____, but a process regularly scans for which users are subscribed to which reports. - CORRECT ANSWER-cannot run the report on demand A Crystal report will be set to run on a regular basis, and when it does, a version will be generated for each person who is subscribed to the report, according to their _____.
- CORRECT ANSWER-parameters
Each person who is subscribed to a report have what they need right there in _____.
- CORRECT ANSWER-Hyperspace _____ is Epic's information center, a portal that hosts personalizable Home pages to display Epic data, reports, and links to other pages. - CORRECT ANSWER-Radar In the context of reporting you can think of Radar as a front-end for _____ _____.
- CORRECT ANSWER-My Reports Radar allows a user to run and view Reporting Workbench reports, along with viewing Clarity reports via - CORRECT ANSWER-Epic-Crystal Integration _____is Epic's integrated production database. - CORRECT ANSWER-Chronicles What is the difference between a record and a contact - CORRECT ANSWER-A record is a single thing. What kind of thing depends on what master file it's in A contact is a single moment in time for that record. What are two examples or a Record in the Chronicles database - CORRECT ANSWER-a record in the patient master file is a patient a record in the provider master file is a provider What is the difference between a multiple response item and a response each time item? - CORRECT ANSWER-A multiple response item can be answered multiple times on one contact, and a response each time item can be answered on multiple contacts True or False: A patient who has been seen twice at your facility should have two records in the Patient master file. - CORRECT ANSWER-False - The patient should only have one record, but that record will likely have two contacts.
An ______ and ______ ______ is the gold standard for identifying a data point. - CORRECT ANSWER-INI and Item Number What tool can you use in a Hyperspace workflow to determine where in Chronicles a certain piece of data lives: - CORRECT ANSWER-Ctrl + Left Click If a field is read-only, the ______ ______ ______ method will often not work. - CORRECT ANSWER-Ctrl+left click Each item has a unique ______ ______ - CORRECT ANSWER-Item Number ______ exist to store data - CORRECT ANSWER-Items Most item numbers can be used for different purposes by different master files. For example, for an EPT (patient) record, item 60 hold the patient's ______. However, in an ORD record, item 60 holds the order's ______ - CORRECT ANSWER-city class There are two items that have the same meaning in every record, regardless of master file. All Chronicles items are identified by whole numbers, except for these two: - CORRECT ANSWER-Item .1 - Record ID Item .2 - Record Name The most fundamental trait that differentiates one item from another is what kind of ______ it can ______. - CORRECT ANSWER-DATA it can STORE Any combination of characters is known as which Data Type - CORRECT ANSWER- String Which Data Type can be any number, integer or a decimal? - CORRECT ANSWER- Number In Chronicles the date is actually stored as the number of days since ______. - CORRECT ANSWER-12/31/
In Chronicles the time is actually stored as the number of seconds since ______.
- CORRECT ANSWER-Midnight A date and a time stored in a single item are known as which Data Type. - CORRECT ANSWER-Instant A pre-defined list of choices is known as which Data Type - CORRECT ANSWER- Category ______ ______ determines how many lines of data an item can hold for a single contact
- CORRECT ANSWER-Response Type Only one line of data can be stored per contact applies to which Response Type?
- CORRECT ANSWER-Single Response This response type has multiple lines of data that can be stored per contact. These lines might be discrete pieces of data, such as multiple symptoms, or they might be multiple lines of a large block of text, such as an address applies to which Response Type?
- CORRECT ANSWER-Multiple Response Multiple lines of data can be stored per contact, and each one of these lines is related to a line in another item. Take a patient's phone numbers is an example of which Response Type? - CORRECT ANSWER-Related Group If the number on line 1 is deleted, the number on line 2 should not move up to fill the gap, or it would look like 608- 555 - 1979 was the patient's home number. The line is kept together because these two items have a response type of ______ and have the same ______ ______ - CORRECT ANSWER-related group number An item's______ ______ determines whether a different value for the item can be stored on each contact, or whether values are stored directly to the record - CORRECT ANSWER-add type
The EPT items for Hospital Account, Department, and Attending Providers are all ______ items - that means that they hold a reference to data from another record someplace else. - CORRECT ANSWER-networked Networked items in Chronicles are similar to the relational database concept of ______ ______. - CORRECT ANSWER-foreign keys Sometimes the data point in question isn't explicitly displayed anywhere in Chronicles, for example a system-generated ______ - CORRECT ANSWER-Timestamp. A physician needs a report involving patient weights. Weights are entered in Hyperspace in flowsheets, and the Ctrl+left click method does not work on flowsheets. You need to find out where in Chronicles a patient's weight lives. To meet this need, you would start with the ______ ______ - CORRECT ANSWER-Record Viewer Unfortunately, none of the results for a search correspond to Greg's weight. Since looking for the exact value entered did not yield any results, we have to try something else. Since items have names in addition to numbers, we can try searching by a keyword. Enter "______" in the Find field - CORRECT ANSWER-weight In Record Viewer, click the name of the item to open ______ ______ where you can see the item's characteristics. - CORRECT ANSWER-Item Editor Item Editor A ______ of what the item holds. Note that many items may have similar names and descriptions, so this should be the start, not the end of your investigation - CORRECT ANSWER-Description If you prefer working in Epic text, you can also use the text utility ______, which will also allow you to view Chronicles data without some of the visual polish of the Record Viewer - CORRECT ANSWER-d ^EAVIEWID
In summary, using the Record Viewer you can find the item you're looking for by following this process:
- Search for a known value in the Record Viewer using a ______ ______.
- If step 1 is unsuccessful, search for the item in the ______ ______using a keyword in the Ctrl + F search.
- In ______ ______, check to make sure the item characteristics match those you would expect for the item. - **CORRECT ANSWER-1. Ctrl + F search
- Record Viewer
- Item Editor** To view all items in the Record Viewer, not just the ones that are currently storing information, select ______ ______ and then click View - CORRECT ANSWER-Include blanks In certain cases, we store data that is too complex to fit into Chronicles' structure. This data can be stored in what are called ______ , which are custom data structures written directly to disk - CORRECT ANSWER-globals When would you want to use the Clarity Compass? - CORRECT ANSWER-When you want to see custom category values and other organization specific settings When would you would want to use the Data Dictionary? - CORRECT ANSWER-When you do not have access to Hyperspace or wanted to be able to use Control-F to search the table summary The Chronicles database used by Epic's production system is a ______ ______ database, using the tree-like structure described in the last chapter. - CORRECT ANSWER-post- relational Most ______ reporting is done using relational reporting tools, such as Crystal Reports
- CORRECT ANSWER-analytical
Searching by ______ and ______ ensures the column you find extracts the data you want
- CORRECT ANSWER-INI and item Once you're in a column's Clarity Compass entry, the first pieces of information you'll want to look for are these: - CORRECT ANSWER-INI and Item # Clarity Compass You will generally see an empty grid in one of two cases - if the column extracts are ______ - ______ data, or if the column extracts ______ data - CORRECT ANSWER-Non- Chronicles Calculated If you see two columns in one table that otherwise appear to be identical, make sure to read the column ______ - CORRECT ANSWER-descriptions The datatypes used by Chronicles are String, Number, Date, Time, Instant, and Category. However, when we transform this data into relational formats, all Strings become ______ , and all Numbers become ______ - CORRECT ANSWER-VARCHARs NUMERICs The datatypes used by Chronicles are String, Number, Date, Time, Instant, and Category. However, when we transform this data into relational formats Dates, Times, and Instants all become ______ - CORRECT ANSWER-DATETIMEs Depending on the column's datatype, there may be a secondary characteristic defined as well. For example, for a VARCHAR, you can define the ______ ______ the column can hold - CORRECT ANSWER-maximum length The table or column will still exist in your Clarity database and all existing data will still be there, no new data will be extracted best describes tables/columns being ______
- CORRECT ANSWER-Deprecated.
Do not assume that if ______ says yes, that the column will actually be extracting data. ______ will almost always be set to yes - it's a flag used by ETL administrators that can cause unexpected behavior if used inappropriately. - CORRECT ANSWER-Extracted Extracted In the example below, the "C" denotes a ______ ______ PATIENT.SEX_C - CORRECT ANSWER-Category List 1.Female 2.Male 3.Unknown You can find out which category list an item points to by opening up the corresponding column in the Compass, and looking at the / section - CORRECT ANSWER-Format INI / Item You can also find out which ZC table to link a _C column to using the Foreign Keys listing in the ______ ______ ______ - CORRECT ANSWER-Compass Table Summary True or False Not all Chronicles items are extracted to Clarity. - CORRECT ANSWER-True Sometimes the item ...
- is a piece of internal data that would be incomprehensible to a non-programmer.
- changes by the second, and extracting a fixed snapshot of it would be pointless.
- Clarity table just hasn't been created yet. The Clarity Compass stores information for ______ ______, ______ ______, and ______
- CORRECT ANSWER-Extracted Tables Derived Tables Views
True or False. The best way to determine whether an inner join or a left outer join should be used is the starting table's primary key. - CORRECT ANSWER-False. The reporting need, load type and frequency will determine whether two tables should be joined using a left outer join or an inner join. A Clarity table's primary key includes a "CSN". What does this mean? - CORRECT ANSWER-A CSN is a Contact Serial Number, which identifies a specific contact within a specific record. A table with a CSN in its primary key extracts overtime data - if it extracted no-add data, you wouldn't need to identify a contact. A Clarity table's primary key includes a line count, What does this mean? - CORRECT ANSWER-Only Chronicles items with a response type of multiple-response or related group have line counts, so you know the table must extract multiple- response or related group items. ______ ______ ______ can help you identify tables related to a table you already know
- CORRECT ANSWER-Database Object Search While a join decides which tables will be used, a ______ ______ tells the report which rows from each table should be considered for use in the report. - CORRECT ANSWER-join type An ______ ______ will return only rows that have matches in both tables - CORRECT ANSWER-inner join A ______ ______ ______can be thought of visually as an inner join, plus all the rows in the left hand table that don't have matches in the right. - CORRECT ANSWER-Left Outer Join A ______ ______ ______ can be thought of visually as an inner join, plus all the rows in the right table that don't have matches in the left. Similarly, it can be thought of as a left outer join where the tables have changed sides. - CORRECT ANSWER-Right Outer Join
A ______ ______ ______ will return all rows from both tables with data from each table if available. It will include rows that have matches in either table as well as those that don't. It can be thought of visually as everything. - CORRECT ANSWER-Full Outer Join There are two main ways to extract a Clarity table - using a Full Extract and Incremental Extract. These are called ______ ______ - CORRECT ANSWER-Load Types Which Load Type truncates (deletes) any data already in the Clarity table and re-extracts the entire table from Chronicles - CORRECT ANSWER-Full (FULL) Which Load Type Finds data that has changed in Chronicles since the last time the table was extracted, extracts the changes, and uses them to update the table in Clarity
- CORRECT ANSWER-Incremental (REQ) By default, ______ ______ tables will usually have a frequency of "Weekly" and will be extracted weekly, while ______ tables will have a frequency of "incremental" and will be extracted daily. - CORRECT ANSWER-full-extract incremental In Clarity reports, when you give a table an ______ , it should start with the original table name, followed by an underscore, and then something descriptive about what the copy of the table is used for in lower case - CORRECT ANSWER-Alias The ______ ______ of a Clarity table is determined by the table's add type and response type - CORRECT ANSWER-primary key You can use the ______ ______ section of the Clarity Compass to determine the primary key of a table - CORRECT ANSWER-Table Summary In some cases, your report is on entries in the parent table that have a certain number of rows in the child entity. In this case you will want to put your parent table on the ______.
- CORRECT ANSWER-left
