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Chapter one of thermodynamics, Lecture notes of Thermodynamics

Saint Louis University (SLU)Thermodynamics

This is the chapter one of Thermodynamics

Typology: Lecture notes

2019/2020
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bg1
𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎
𝑘
𝑊 = 𝑚𝑔
𝑘
m = mass ,kgm lbm gm
a = acceleration , g = acceleration due to gravity , m/s2 ft/s2
cm/s2
F = force exerted , W = weight , Newtons (N) ,Dynes (d), kgf ,
lbf ,gf
k = proportionality constant
Standard Values
g = 9.81 m/s2 , 32.2 ft/s2 , 981 cm/s2
𝑘 = 1 𝑘𝑔𝑚∙ 𝑚
𝑁 ∙ 𝑠2
𝑘 = 9.81 𝑘𝑔𝑚∙ 𝑚
𝑘𝑔𝑓∙ 𝑠2
𝑘 = 32.2 𝑙𝑏𝑚∙𝑓𝑡
𝑙𝑏𝑓∙ 𝑠2
pf3
pf4
pf5
pf8
pf9
pfa
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Download Chapter one of thermodynamics and more Lecture notes Thermodynamics in PDF only on Docsity!

m = mass ,kgm lbm gm

a = acceleration , g = acceleration due to gravity , m/s^2 ft/s^2 cm/s^2

F = force exerted , W = weight , Newtons (N) ,Dynes (d), kgf , lbf ,gf

k = proportionality constant

Standard Values

g = 9.81 m/s^2 , 32.2 ft/s^2 , 981 cm/s^2

𝑁 ∙ 𝑠^2

𝑘𝑔𝑓 ∙ 𝑠^2

𝑙𝑏𝑓 ∙ 𝑠^2

𝑙𝑏𝑓 ∙ 𝑠^2

  1. An object on earth has a weight of 50 Newtons. What is the mass in kilogramm of the object at standard gravity?

Given W=50N

Req’d mass

𝑊 =

1 𝑘𝑔𝑁 ∙ 𝑠𝑚^ ∙ 𝑚 2

  1. An object weighs 20 kgf on the surface of the moon. How much does it weigh in Newtons on earth if the acceleration due to gravity on the surface of the moon is 1.6 m/s^2

Given Wmoon=20kgf

gmoon=1.6 m/s^2

***mass does not change regardless of location

Intermission number:

-using 2 decimal places

0.00580349 -> 0.01 sagot sa calcu is to be multiplied by 100 -> .01*100=

-using six significant figures

0.00580349 -> 0. ->0.00580349*100=0.

-compare

***1 is relatively deviated from 0.

  1. A man weighs 55 kgf, how much is his mass in lbm?

Note that 1kgm=2.2lbm g = 9.81m/s^2 = 32.2 ft/s^2

𝑘 = 1

𝑁 ∙ 𝑠^2

𝑘𝑔𝑓 ∙ 𝑠^2

𝑙𝑏𝑓 ∙ 𝑠^2

Density, kgm/m^3 lbm/ft^3

𝜌 =

Specific volume ,m^3 /kgm ft^3 /lbm

𝑣 =

Specific Weight, N/m^3 , kgf/m^3 , lbf/ft^3

Pressure , N/m^2 , Pascals (Pa) , pounds per square inch (psi)

𝑃 =

Atmospheric Pressure vs Gage Pressure vs Absolute Pressure.

Vacuum Pressure

𝑃𝑎𝑏𝑠 = 𝑃𝑎𝑡𝑚 − 𝑃𝑣𝑎𝑐

Example: a vacuum gage reads 20kPa. The atmospheric pressure is 14 Psi. What is the absolute pressure in atm

𝑃𝑎𝑡𝑚 = 14 𝑃𝑠𝑖 ∗

What Pressure does your head experience under water if your body is 3 meters below the surface of the water?

ρH20 = 1000 kg/m^3 = 62.4 lbm/ft^3

1 𝑘𝑔𝑁 ∙ 𝑠𝑚^ ∙ 𝑚 2

Temperature Scales

Arbitrary Vs Absolute Scales

Arbitrary Celsius , Fahrenheit – zero has no meaning

Absolute Kelvin , Rankine – zero means none… zero kelvin means no energy

Celsius Fahrenheit Boiling point of water

C F

Freezing Point of Water

b) 5.556m/s^2 c) 11112N or 1132.7kgf d) 69.45m

  1. A cylindrical drum (2m x 3m) is filled with a fluid whose density is 640 kgm/m^3. Determine a) the volume of the fluid in m^3 b) mass of the fluid in kgm c) weight of the fluid in N, kgf d) specific weight of the fluid in N/m^3. e) if the local gravity is 9.7m/s^2 what is its specific weight?

Diamter is 2m and height is 3m

𝑉 = 𝜋 4 ∗ 𝑑^2 ∗ ℎ

𝑉 =

𝑉 = 9.42478 𝑚^3

1 𝑘𝑔𝑁 ∙ 𝑠𝑚^ ∙ 𝑚 2

9. 81 𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝑔𝑚^ ∙^ 𝑚

𝑓 ∙^ 𝑠^2

𝑉 =^

9. 42478 𝑚^3 =^6278.^40

𝑚^3

1 𝑘𝑔 𝑁𝑚 ∙ 𝑠∙^2 𝑚

𝑚^3