Chapter 48 Study Guide: Kidney Disorders
Chapter 48 Summary: Management of Patients with Kidney Disorders
Source: Brunner & Suddarths Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing by Hinkle, Cheever & Overbaugh
Overview:
Chapter 48 focuses on the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, medical management, and nursing care
of patients with acute and chronic kidney disorders.
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI):
- Definition: Sudden decline in kidney function resulting in accumulation of waste, fluid, and electrolyte
imbalances.
- Causes:
* Prerenal: Decreased perfusion (e.g., hypotension, shock)
* Intrarenal: Direct damage (e.g., nephrotoxins, ischemia)
* Postrenal: Obstruction (e.g., stones, tumors)
- Phases of AKI:
1. Initiation
2. Oliguric (<400 mL/day)
3. Diuretic
4. Recovery
- Management: Fluid/electrolyte balance, diuretics, treating cause, possible dialysis
- Nursing Care: Monitor labs, prevent infection, manage fluids, patient education
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD):
- Definition: Progressive, irreversible loss of kidney function over months/years
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