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HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
CHAPTER 1: The Origin
(PREHISTORIC, MEGALITHIC, EARLY CITIES)
THE ORIGIN OF ARCHITECTURE
PREHISTORIC ARCHITECTURE
➤ Ancient humans used to live under caves which was considered to be the earliest form of shelter.
➤ Dated back from 8,000 to 3,000 B.C. before the Neolithic Age, humans also made shelters out of perishable materials such as wood and animal skin.
➤ Humans stopped living in caves; As the civilization started to grow with the human population rising, they started to create temporary and permanent dwellings which then lead to more civilized communities.
Caves > Temporary and Permanent Dwellings > Communities
The following images are some early examples of prehistoric architecture:
IMG NAME DESCRIPTION
Caves ➤ The earliest form of human shelter
Beehive Hut / Clochán ➤ These are dwellings that are round yet most of them have rectangular plans.
➤ They are usually identified as a dry-stone hut with a corbelled roof.
Tipi Hut ➤A Portable indian shelter
➤ A conical tent made of animal skin and barks
Wigwam
➤ A dwelling that is oval or round in shape.
➤ Usually made out of barks or animal skins.
Hogan
➤It is a Navaho Indian dwelling
➤ Usually made of wood and rocks and covered with mud.
➤ It is a temperature-smart dwelling which keeps the interior cool in the day and warm during cold nights.
Trullo
➤ Dwellings that are considered to be square chambers with a conical vaulted roof.
➤ An example of a prehistoric mortar-less construction.
THE ORIGIN OF ARCHITECTURE
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
➤ The history of architecture refers to the record of building structures beautifully by human effort. It includes the growth and decline of the different architectural styles which emerged through age and time.
IMG NAME DESCRIPTION
Dolmen ➤ From the words “daul” which means table, and “maen” which means stone.
➤ This structure is characterized by two or more upright stones supporting a horizontal slab
Variations:
(1) Cove - Three freestanding stones. Two on the sides, one at the back.
(2) Trilithon - A structure which is characterized by two upright stones supporting a giant horizontal lintel.
Menhir (Monoliths) ➤ Characterized by single upright freestanding giant stones.
Cromlech
➤ Huge stones that are arranged in a circular manner. Most common example is the Stonehenge in England.
Tumulus / Barrow ➤ Characterized by an artificial earth or stone mound housing a grave or chamber.
OTHER PRIMITIVE DWELLINGS
Iraqi Marshland Mudhif
American Cabin
Indian House; British Guiana
Kickapoo Indian Wigwam
Sumatran House
Eskimo Igloo
Cornish Cottage
Nigerian Hut
Annamese Wooden-framed Hut
Brazilian Indian Hut
THE ORIGIN OF ARCHITECTURE
EARLY CITIES DESCRIPTION
Jericho ➤ It is one of the oldest cities continually inhabited in the world.
➤ It is a hilltop city
➤ Stone houses with plaster floors surrounded by towers and high walls.
Khirokitia ➤ Also known as Choirokoitia
