CGS1060 TEST 1 STUDY GUIDE 100% SOLVED 2025., Exams of Computer Science

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CGS1060 TEST 1 STUDY GUIDE 100%

SOLVED 2025.

Describe what is meant by the term "computer hardware" - ANSWERthe physical parts of a computer system Describe the system unit of a computer - ANSWERtower or chassis; part of the computer that houses the motherboard, which is the circuit board that holds the computers main microprocessor Describe types of computers - ANSWERlaptops, desktops, tablet, all-in-one computers, embedded computers, and 2-in-1 computers Identify a smartphone - ANSWERa handheld computer with cellular networking capability Identify a media player - ANSWERallow you to listen to audio files such as music,podcasts, read books, and watch videos. Media players are often referred to as Personal Media Players (PMP) due to their transportability and customization. Describe computer processors - ANSWERAKA the central processing unit (CPU); the brains of the computer where most calculations take place Explain computer storage - ANSWERresults of the processing are stored in RAM. Once the results are stored, the processor fetches the next instruction or piece of data. Explain graphics output - ANSWERa computer's ability to display information; comes in many forms like images, video and audio Describe how a computer works - ANSWERInput (fetch) - Process (decode) - Output (execute) - Store What is the boot process? - ANSWERthe loading of an operating system into main memory of a device. Name the 4 steps of the boot process - ANSWER1. The device is powered on and the CPU activates BIOS; 2.The Power-On Self-Test is executed; 3.The OS is loaded into RAM; 4.The OS checks the registry settings and loads saved configuration settings Describe speed regarding computers - ANSWERThe speed of a digital device's processor is determined by a number of factors. Most important in determining a computer's speed are clock speed and bus width. Define hertz - ANSWERcycles per second; used to measure frequency

Define microwaves - ANSWERused to transmit Internet signals over extremely long distances, including to and from satellites What do modems do? - ANSWERconvert analog (wave) signals into digital signals Describe the functions of a router - ANSWERconnects two networks, for example, a home Wi-Fi network to an Internet Service Provider's network. Describe a dual-band router - ANSWERWi-Fi capable routers that use both shorter and higher frequency signals to transmit data Describe the functions of a switch - ANSWERconnect devices that are within the same network and ensure that the correct data is sent to and from the correct devicewithin the network Define Media Access Control Address - ANSWERknown as MAC addresses, allow switches to distinguish between different devices in the same network Define an Internet Protocol (IP) address - ANSWERan address that allows other computers on the Internet to send data to your home computer What are the two portions of an IP address? - ANSWERnetwork and host Describe the network portion of an IP address - ANSWERalso called the network identifier is indicated by a certain number of bits, starting with the left-most bit Describe the host portion of an IP address - ANSWERindicated by the remaining bits that are present after the network identifier and identify the host of the network Describe how IP addresses are assigned - ANSWERassigned by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). ICANN assigns blocks of IP addresses which in turn assign the addresses to their customers How are IP addresses determined? - ANSWERby the network on which it is hosted Define Digital Subscriber Line connections - ANSWERAKA DSL; provides Internet service with signals that are carried over local telephone lines Define cable Internet connections - ANSWERsend internet signals to your home using television (coaxial) cables; available where cable service is available Define fiber-optic Internet connections - ANSWERoffers the fastest possible home Internet service; the provider runs fiber under the street and then a separate coaxial cable to each home

Define satellite Internet connections - ANSWERmakes broadband Internet available virtually everywhere; uses microwaves to transmit and receive Internet signals to satellites orbiting the Earth's equator. Define cellular Internet connections - ANSWERthe most common way to access the internet; Internet signals are sent using cell phone radio waves Define a ping - ANSWERa request for a response; used to check the path from a computer to a server over theinternet using the Internet Control Message Protocol Define uploading - ANSWERsending files from your computer to a server on the Internet Define downloading - ANSWERaccessing a file on the Internet and then copying it onto your computer Define streaming - ANSWERwatching or listening to a file on the Internet without saving or copying it first Identify what is needed to setup a wireless network - ANSWERinternet signal, modem, router Demonstrate how to setup a wireless network - ANSWER1. connect the line to the modem & plug in the modem; 2. connect the modem to the router & plug in the router;

3. turn on your computer and find the new WiFi signal Describe how to check an Internet connection speed - ANSWERnavigate to one of several free speed check sites such as' speedtest.net or testmy.net and follow the site's instructions What is an SSID? - ANSWERService Set Identifier; identifies a Wi-Fi signal Define the World Wide Web - ANSWERthe billions of hypertext files accessible on the Internet Describe the history of the World Wide Web - ANSWERUS gov wanted the Web to remain current with emerging technologies, so through DARPA, it hired Tim Berners- Lee & other scientists; founded W3C Describe Web browsers - ANSWERsoftware applications that allow users to access and surf the World Wide Web Differentiate between different Web browsers - ANSWERdetermine which browser is best depends on which operating system you're using and personal preference

What is the Linux operating system? - ANSWERa free and open-source software that can be used and modified by anyone without cost What are some advantages and disadvantages of the Linux operating system? - ANSWERadvantages: very secure, free, great security; disadvantages: takes time to learn, issues with program compatibility What is word processing software? - ANSWERprograms that are used to create an assortment of documents What is spreadsheet software? - ANSWERprograms used to format and display numbers and text in cells; used to perform calculations and structure data What is database software? - ANSWERmanagement software combines structuring data with tools to manage the data What is a folder? - ANSWERa collection area where files and programs are housed; provide a structure for organizing information What are the 3 ways a folder can be created? - ANSWER1. on the Command bar click "New Folder"; 2. Right-click the drive or folder in the folders list to create a new folder. Click "New" and then click "Folder"; 3. right-click any blank area in the Contents pane. Click "New" then click "Folder" What are software licenses? - ANSWERcontracts between the software manufacturer and the user of an application What is installing? - ANSWERputting software on a digital device or adding hardware components and drives to a digital device What is uninstalling? - ANSWERremoving software from a computer What are system management tools? - ANSWERtools that allow you to change computer settings, manage tasks, install and uninstall programs, and many other options What is a utility program? - ANSWERprograms that perform maintenance-type tasks like disk cleanup, file maintenance, file search, system backup, and restore What is an applet? - ANSWERsmall application programs, often utility programs, that perform less complex operational functions What are key system programs? - ANSWERprograms that include the computer's operating system software and the drivers that run your computer's hardware

What are the 3 ways a folder can be renamed? - ANSWER1. click the folder icon and press F2 to activate edit mode; 2. Right-clik the folder you want to rename then click "rename" in the shortcut menu; 3. on the Command bar click "Organize" then click "Rename" What options accompany folders? - ANSWERYou can changes the way folders and files are viewed and how file types and extensions are displayed What are the two ways folder views can be changed? - ANSWER1. Click the arrow of the View button on the command bar; 2. Right-click a blank area of the Contents pane then click "View" What is a file? - ANSWERan item that contains information How is a file selected? - ANSWERby pointing to that file How is a file opened? - ANSWER1. Click the File Explorer button on the task bar; 2. Click documents. All files saved in Documents will be shown; 3. Select the file you want to access How is a file renamed? - ANSWERMost users simply right-click on the file or folder and then select Rename from the shortcut menu. Another way is to select the file or folder by clicking on it and then press the F2 key. How is a file located or searched for? - ANSWERtype in your search criteria in the Search box What are file extensions? - ANSWERhidden parts of important file types like system and data files to prevent unintentional changes How is a file moved? - ANSWERselect the file then use one of the following methods:Press Control X then move to the new location where the file will be copied and then press Control V.OrRight-click the selection and then click select "Cut", then move to the new location where the file will be copied, right-click and then select "Paste".OrTo move a file or folder from one device to another simply select the file, hold down Shift key while you drag the file to the new location. If you don't hold down the Shift key the file will be copied instead of moved. How is a file saved? - ANSWERfirst determine in which folder you would like to save it. Next, while the fileis open, check your ribbon to ensure that you're on the Home tab, and click "File". When the dropdown menu opens, click "Save As".When the "Save As" dialogue box opens select the file's name and enter the folder in which you want to save the file. Youcan also create a new folder to save the file in by clicking the "New Folder" button."Once you selected the correct site and file name, click "Save". What is file compression? - ANSWERa format that reduce the amount of time needed to download a file and the amount of storage capacity a file takes up