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CAISS EXAM WITH QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2025/26 GRADED A+
This exam is an opportunity to showcase both theoretical knowledge and practical experience ensuring alignment with best practices. Origins of AIS (3) - ANSWER1) Standardized system
- Classify type/severity of injury from MVC
- Consensus Injury descriptors are organized _________________________? – ANSWER Anatomically Injury severity is ranked relative to its importance to _______________? – ANSWER The whole body AIS reflects severity of single injuries and are unaffected by what three things? - ANSWER1) time
- sequela
- outcome
What type of scale does AIS use? - ANSWER6 point ordinal scale Which type of measurement is more variable? Anatomic or Physiologic? – ANSWER Physiologic Is clinical training necessary for collecting injury data?
- ANSWER NO AIS is based on what three (3) factors? - ANSWER1) anatomically- based
- consensus driven
- global Severity is NOT contingent upon what two (2) factors?
- time Numerical ranking of severity: 1 – ANSWER minor Numerical ranking of severity: 2 – ANSWER moderate Numerical ranking of severity: 3 – ANSWER serious Numerical ranking of severity: 4 – ANSWER severe Numerical ranking of severity: 5 – ANSWER critical Numerical ranking of severity: 6 – ANSWER maximum (currently untreatable)
- no pre-existing conditions
- no tx complications
- received timely/appropriate care Approximately how many injury descriptors are included in AIS? – ANSWER 2000 What part of the AIS code is considered the "Pre-Dot Code?" – ANSWER 6 digits BEFORE the decimal point (left) What part of the AIS code is considered the "AIS Severity Number?" – ANSWER single digit after the decimal (right) (T/F) The 6 digit pre-dot codes are unique and allow for more specificity and accurate coding? - ANSWERTRUE The first digit in the pre-dot code corresponds to what?
- ANSWER Body Region The second digit in the pre-dot code corresponds to what? – ANSWER Type of anatomic structure (skeletal, solid organ) The third/fourth digits in the pre-dot code correspond to what? – ANSWER Specific anatomic structure (femur)
The fifth/sixth digits in the pre-dot code correspond to what? – ANSWER Level of injury within the specific body region and anatomic structure (NFS, minor, major) Parenthesis in the AIS dictionary indicate what? – ANSWER synonyms or definitions for injury types Brackets in the AIS dictionary indicate what? – ANSWER inclusionary/exclusionary info, OIS Grades Boxed bold type in the AIS dictionary indicates what? – ANSWER directions to help coder choose appropriate code Semicolons in the AIS dictionary indicate what? – ANSWER separate injury descriptors that are comparable in severity Italics in the AIS dictionary indicate what? – ANSWER proper-named injuries/structures, OIS grades Does AIS assess the severity of multiple injuries? – ANSWER NO (single injury severity only) The injury Severity Score (ISS) is defined as what? – ANSWER Sum of the squares of highest AIS in each of three most severely injured ISS body regions.
- AIS of 6 in a single body region Do patients with an AIS 9 achieve an accurate ISS score? - ANSWERNO Can less than three regions be used to calculate an ISS?
- ANSWERYES Can more than three regions be used to calculate an ISS? - ANSWERNO Do all ISS scores have the same mortality rates? - ANSWERNO (depends on body regions affected) Assigning injuries to too few body regions results in what? - ANSWERunderestimation of ISS Assigning injuries to too many body regions results in what? - ANSWERoverestimation of ISS Are complications or sequela included in the definition of an injury? - ANSWERNO Define injury? - ANSWERAnatomic lesion resulting from transfer of injury. List seven (7) examples of sequela that are coded in AIS as injuries? - ANSWER1) HTX/PTX
- retroperitoneal hemorrhage
- cerebral edema/swelling
- ischemic brain damage r/t head trauma
- blood loss
- asphyxia
- compartment syndrome Are preliminary (suspected, possible, rule out) dx codeable? - ANSWERNO Are all clinical dx alone codeable? - ANSWERNO (some require radiologic/autopsy findings) Cranial nerve contusion is coded when there is what documented? - ANSWERweakness/paresthesia subtotal loss of function Cranial nerve laceration is coded when what is documented? - ANSWERparalysis/total loss of function What five (5) physical signs/manifestations are codeable as basilar skull fx? - ANSWER1) raccoon's eyes (periorbital ecchymosis)
- Battle's sign (mastoid ecchymosis)
- CSF rhinorrhea
- CSF otorrhea
- hemotympanum What must also exists to code a basilar skull fx when only physical manifestations are present? - ANSWERevidence of head trauma (not r/t facial fx/injury)
Injuries that result from energy dissipated from a penetrating wound are called direct or indirect? - ANSWERindirect With penetrating injuries to internal structures, is the overlying skin injury coded separately? - ANSWERNO Bullet wounds/penetrating injuries resulting in fx are coded as open or closed fractures? - ANSWEROPEN When detailed information regarding an injury is lacking, what descriptor is often used? - ANSWERNFS NFS can refer to what two components of a code? - ANSWER1) injury unspecified
- severity unspecified Should patients with AIS code 9 injuries be included in research studies? - ANSWERNO An articular fracture involves what structure? - ANSWERJOINT A fracture with three or more fragments with proximal and distal fragments not touching is defined as what? - ANSWERcomplex When two ends of a bone are not aligned the fracture is called what? - ANSWERdisplaced
When multiple bone fragments are present a fracture is called what? - ANSWERcomminuted Sprains occur to joints or muscles? - ANSWERjoints Strains occur to joints or muscles? - ANSWERmuscles Massive destruction of a body part with damage to underlying skeletal, tissue, organ, and vascular systems is known as what type of injury? - ANSWERcrush (T/F) A vessel puncture or perforation is also known as a laceration. - ANSWERTRUE (T/F) A muscle tear, rupture, or avulsion is also known as a laceration. - ANSWERTRUE Blood loss of > 20% is approximately how many cc? - ANSWER> 1000 cc When there is any question about the severity of an injury based upon all available information the coder should chose the __________ severe AIS code in that category. - ANSWERleast Brain death/blindness are consequences of injury and can or cannot be coded? - ANSWERcannot Is a foreign body considered and injury in and of itself?
When more than one injury claims the qualifier "blood loss > 20%," the blood loss is assigned to which associated injury? - ANSWERmost severe Blood loss of 20% in a 100 kg patient is approximately how many cc? - ANSWER1500 cc List the four (4) types of injures defined as penetrating?
- Stabbing
- impalement
- spearing-type Penetrating injuries that do not involve internal organs or structures should be coded under what ISS body region? - ANSWERExternal A penetrating injury to the skull is coded under what ISS body region? - ANSWERHead/Neck A penetrating injury to the face w/ massive destruction is coded under what ISS body region? - ANSWERFace Are entry/exit wounds reflected in the severity of internal organ/structure injuries? - ANSWERYES "GSW to abdomen" with no further description would be coded to External or Abdominal ISS body region? - ANSWERAbdominal
If a single penetrating injury to the brain involves more than one structure (entry to cerebrum, exit cerebellum) do you code each region separately? - ANSWERNO (use whole area section) (T/F) When a penetrating injury exists, and using the penetrating code results in a higher AIS than using subsequent qualifiers, the higher AIS penetrating code should be used. - ANSWERTrue Vague descriptions such as "blunt trauma" or "closed head injury" should be assigned which AIS code? - ANSWER When assigning severity codes, the coder should use the physicians description of the injury or the AIS definition? - ANSWERAIS definition If the physicians OIS grading differs from the AIS definition of the injury, which should be used for coding? - ANSWERAIS definition If no description is available for a solid organ injury other than the OIS grade, is it acceptable to use this information for assigning an AIS code? - ANSWERYES
- Radiology
- Nursing/ICU
- MD progress notes
- ED record
- D/C Summary
- Face Sheet What is considered the least reliable source of injury information? - ANSWERpatient List the seven (7) injury descriptions included in the ISS external body region? - ANSWER1) abrasion
- contusion
- laceration
- avulsion
- degloving
- penetrating
- burn A rubbed or scraped area on skin or mucous membranes caused by contact with a rough surface that removes layers is known as what? - ANSWERabrasion Road rash and friction burns are considered what type of external injury? - ANSWERabrasion Black or blue marks resulting from blunt force causing tiny underlying blood vessels to burst and leak into skin but do not cause a break in the skin are known as what?
Ecchymosis, subcutaneous hematoma, bruise, and bump are all considered what type of external injury? - ANSWERcontusions Tearing or ripping apart of tissues from blunt or penetrating force is known as what type of injury? - ANSWERlaceration Ripping or tearing away of all layers of skin in which a portion is separated from underlying tissues often creating a flap is known as what type of injury? - ANSWERavulsion Traumatic removal of skin and SQ tissue separating tissue planes from their blood supply, esp. from a limb is known as what type of injury? - ANSWERdegloving (T/F) Degloving injuries may be open or closed. - ANSWERTRUE Which are typically more extensive - degloving or avulsion? - ANSWERdegloving Soft tissue injuries are dispersed across body regions in the AIS book and are coded as what ISS body region? - ANSWERexternal When an external injury occurs without underlying injury, it is coded to the specific _______________ AIS
When either 2nd and/or 3rd degree burns are < 10% TBSA, should the 2nd and 3rd degree burns be coded separately or combined? - ANSWERseparately If 2nd and 3rd degree burns combined are > 10% TBSA, they should be coded separately or combined? - ANSWERcombined Burn amputations should be coded to which ISS body region? - ANSWERspecific to body part Are burns coded separately from burn amputations they cause? - ANSWERNO If an electrical injury causes a "flash" burn, should the burn injury be coded separately? - ANSWERNO Frostbite is assigned to which ISS body region? - ANSWERexternal Asphyxia/suffocation is assigned to which ISS body region? - ANSWERHead Caustic agent inhalation injuries are assigned to which ISS body region? - ANSWERChest Caustic agent ingestion injuries are coded to which ISS body region? - ANSWERspecific organ injured
Drowning is assigned to which ISS body region? - ANSWERChest Hypothermia is coded to which ISS body region? - ANSWERExternal Whole body blast injuries are assigned an AIS code of _______ and are coded to which ISS body region? - ANSWER6;External List the five (5) body parts coded in the AIS face body region. - ANSWER1) eyes
- ears
- nose
- mouth
- facial bones What is the only vessel included in the Face AIS body region? - ANSWERexternal carotid (and its branches, facial/internal maxillary) What is the only nerve included in the Face AIS body region? - ANSWERoptic (intraorbital) A compound fracture is considered open or closed? - ANSWERopen A simple fracture is considered open or closed? - ANSWERclosed
