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Biology Module 1: Exam Review with Verification Questions and Answers, Exams of Biology

Indiana University Purdue University (IUPUI)Biology

A series of questions and answers related to biology module 1, covering topics such as covalent bonds, amino acids, cell structure, and transport mechanisms. It serves as a valuable resource for students preparing for exams or reviewing key concepts. A variety of questions, ranging from basic definitions to more complex concepts, providing a comprehensive overview of the module's content.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Uploaded on 02/09/2025

lectwiseman
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BIOLOGY MODULE 1 (PORTAGE LEARNING) EXAMS WITH
VERIFICATION QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
A covalent bond occurs when
- ANSWERS-electrons are shared by two atoms to complete the valence shells of both. Usually
between two non-metals.
A long chain of amino acids are called
- ANSWERS-Polypeptides
A relatively weak bond, that is often represented by a dotted line because it is easily broken
- ANSWERS-Hydrogen bond
a-helix
- ANSWERS-spring-like coil configuration that comprises the basic structural unit of some fibrous
proteins that make up wool, hair, skin, and fingernails. These fibers are elastic and can stretch to
some extent.
Active transort occurs when molecules or ions are
- ANSWERS-moved against the concentration gradient meaning movement from an area of lower
concentration towards an area of greater concentraion.
Active transport occurs when
- ANSWERS-an input of energy is required to move substances through the membrane
After eating, triglycerides are stored
- ANSWERS-within adipocytes (fat cells)
All infants are tested for what?
- ANSWERS-Phenylketonuria (PKU)
Amino acids are organic compounds that serve as what of protein
- ANSWERS-the foundational building blocks
Amino group (-NH2)
- ANSWERS-Amine
An atom that gains an electrons becomes what kind of charge and why?
- ANSWERS-Negatively charged, because the number of electrons are greater than the number
of protons.
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Download Biology Module 1: Exam Review with Verification Questions and Answers and more Exams Biology in PDF only on Docsity!

BIOLOGY MODULE 1 (PORTAGE LEARNING) EXAMS WITH

VERIFICATION QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

A covalent bond occurs when

  • ANSWERS-electrons are shared by two atoms to complete the valence shells of both. Usually between two non-metals. A long chain of amino acids are called
  • ANSWERS-Polypeptides A relatively weak bond, that is often represented by a dotted line because it is easily broken
  • ANSWERS-Hydrogen bond a-helix
  • ANSWERS-spring-like coil configuration that comprises the basic structural unit of some fibrous proteins that make up wool, hair, skin, and fingernails. These fibers are elastic and can stretch to some extent. Active transort occurs when molecules or ions are
  • ANSWERS-moved against the concentration gradient meaning movement from an area of lower concentration towards an area of greater concentraion. Active transport occurs when
  • ANSWERS-an input of energy is required to move substances through the membrane After eating, triglycerides are stored
  • ANSWERS-within adipocytes (fat cells) All infants are tested for what?
  • ANSWERS-Phenylketonuria (PKU) Amino acids are organic compounds that serve as what of protein
  • ANSWERS-the foundational building blocks Amino group (-NH2)
  • ANSWERS-Amine An atom that gains an electrons becomes what kind of charge and why?
  • ANSWERS-Negatively charged, because the number of electrons are greater than the number of protons.

An atom that loses electrons becomes what kind of charger and why?

  • ANSWERS-Positively charged, because the number of electrons are less than the number of protons. Anions have what charge?
  • ANSWERS-negative Any molecule contain what can form hydrogen bonds
  • ANSWERS-O-H or N-H Are lipids insoluble or soluble in water?
  • ANSWERS-insoluble Are lipids monomers
  • ANSWERS-no, they are assembled from smaller molecules that are chemically linked together. As higher levels of carbon dioxide accumulate inside the cell
  • ANSWERS-it will naturally diffuse out of the cell, again moving from an area of high to low concentration As integrins are connected to the microfilaments within the cytoskeleton, they have dual functions
  • ANSWERS-1. Mechanical anchoring. 2. transmitting signals from the extracellular environment As molecules are formed, electrons are transferred from one atom to another resulting in the formation of
  • ANSWERS-cations or anions As oxygen is being used up during cellular respiration, there is generally
  • ANSWERS-less oxygen inside a cell than outside As peroxide is potentially toxic to cells, peroxisomes are essential for
  • ANSWERS-detoxification As polar ions do not naturally penetrate and cross the membrane
  • ANSWERS-a carrier protein is often required as well At cellular level, simple (passive) diffusion aids in such process as the
  • ANSWERS-movement of oxygen into and carbon dioxide out of the cell Autophagy
  • ANSWERS-once cellular organic matter is broken into their building block monomers, the molecules can later be recycled into new biomacromolecules in a process called B-sheet
  • ANSWERS-formed when a polypeptide chain snakes back and forth alongside itself, making a pleated sheet that is strong and flexible, but not elastic. BLANK is to a cell what an BLANK is to a human
  • ANSWERS-organelle and organ

Complex sugars made of many monosaccharides linked together and named accordingly to the number of sugars

  • ANSWERS-Polysaccharides Cotransport is when
  • ANSWERS-the diffusing substance (glucose) moves in the same direction as the trasnported substance (sodium) counter transport is
  • ANSWERS-the opposite of cotransport. the diffusing substacne moves in the opposite direction as the transported substance Covalent bonds that hold amino acids together to form proteins?
  • ANSWERS-Peptide bonds Cristae can divide the mitochondria into what
  • ANSWERS-two compartments: 1). the intermembrane space, a hollow region between the inner and outer layers. 2). the mitochondrial matrix which is enclosed by the inner membrane. It is within this compartment that enzymes necessary for cellular respiration are stoed. Cytoskeleton is comprised of
  • ANSWERS-collection of proteins that give cells structural support, anchor organelles, and facilitate changes in cellular shape Dehydration reactions
  • ANSWERS-when water molecule is lost form the reactant side of the chemical equation Describe nucleoplasm
  • ANSWERS-fibrous, gel-like, matrix and is composed of small amounts of minerals, sugars, and amino acids. Desmosomes are also
  • ANSWERS-mechanical, and act as snaps, or fasteners, that lock together alonf the longitudinal edge of the cell. The locking allows many cells to be linked together to form sheets. DNA and RNA exist as chains of what
  • ANSWERS-nucleotides DNA contains a lot of what?
  • ANSWERS-a vast amount of hereditary information DNA is responsible for
  • ANSWERS-inheritable characteristics of living organisms DNA nucleotides may contain one of four different nitrogenous bases. What are they?
  • ANSWERS-Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C), or Thymine (T). During denaturing
  • ANSWERS-the protein will lose its complex quaternary and tertiary structure and unfold

Each biomacromolecule is made up of

  • ANSWERS-many attached units of smaller molecules called monomers Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
  • ANSWERS-extension of the outer membrane of the nucleus and often contains ribosomes. Energy is a requirement, as the cells must continuously return
  • ANSWERS-these ions concentration gradient Enzymes are what?
  • ANSWERS-catalysts that speed up chemical reactions Essential structural component of animal cell membranes
  • ANSWERS-Cholesterol Explain the main difference between passive and active transport and provide an example of each
  • ANSWERS-Passive transport occurs when substances move through the membrane without the input of energy. Ex: simple diffusion, osmosis, filtration, and facilitated diffusion. Active transport occurs when an input of energy is required to move substances through the membrane, Ex: the sodium-potassium pump Extracellular matrix (ECM)
  • ANSWERS-the environment surrounding cells. Cells are not free floating thruoght the body but are rather anchored to the ECM. Facilitated diffusion is the diffusion of
  • ANSWERS-lipid-insoluble molecules across a membrane. It does not require an input of energy because the molecules are moving with the concentration gradient. Fatty acids are composed of what
  • ANSWERS-long non-polar hydrocarbon chains, often represented by a zigzag line. Fibronectin connects to
  • ANSWERS-cell surface receptors called integrins, that extend through the plasma membrane and into the cytosol. Filtration is the
  • ANSWERS-movemnet of fluid through a filtration membrane or small space that contains small openings. Fluid moves because of the pressure of the fluid pushing against the membrane or space Fimbriae
  • ANSWERS-protein structures located on the outside of the cell that are used for attachment to other cells

hydroxyl group (-OH)

  • ANSWERS-alcohol hypertriglyceridemia
  • ANSWERS-excessive amount (high triglycerides in the blood) which can lead to hardening of the heart's arteries and pancreatitis. If the types of atoms in a molecule are different from each other what is formed
  • ANSWERS-Compound In forming the tertiary shape, the secondary shape often are what
  • ANSWERS-folded. In prokaryotic cells ribosomes are located
  • ANSWERS-freely within the cytoplasm In prokaryotic cells ribosomes are located
  • ANSWERS-freely within the cytoplasm In prokaryotic cells the plasma membrane
  • ANSWERS-is the only membrane surrounding the cytoplasm Intermediate filaments
  • ANSWERS-consist of a variety of fibrous protein subunits, coiled into cables. Since these filaments are made from a variety of protien types the functions vary but can be perhaps best though as tension bearing structures. They also form the nuclear lamina, and a different combination of proteins play a role in anchoring intestinal microvilli. Ionic bonds are generated based on what
  • ANSWERS-the attraction between oppositely charged particles Is DNA a single or double chain of nucleotides
  • ANSWERS-Double Is RNA a single or double chain of nucleotides
  • ANSWERS-Single Lipid-insoluble molecules require what to cross the membrane
  • ANSWERS-a helper protein. Lipids contain the what elements?
  • ANSWERS-C, H, O, and sometimes P and N, but hydrogen and oxygen are NOT a 2:1 ratio. Lysosomes are
  • ANSWERS-membrane-enclosed organelles that contain hydrolytic enzymes capable of degrading unwanted cellular debris such as proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates.

Lysosomes serve as

  • ANSWERS-the waste disposal system of the cell, degrading the cells own organic material and phagocytosed matter. Metabolism
  • ANSWERS-chemical reactions that take place inside of the cell Methyl group (-CH3)
  • ANSWERS-Methylated compound Microfilaments
  • ANSWERS-longer and thinner and made of two intertwined protein polymers of actin. Microfilaments are also associated with the
  • ANSWERS-contractile protein myosin, which together are responsible of muscle contraction Microtubules are the
  • ANSWERS-thickest of the three proteins, they are clindrical tubes with many versatile finctions Microtubules influence
  • ANSWERS-cell shape, form spindles for chromosomes serparation (during mitosis), they can be arranged in specific geometric conformations that are used for cellular locomotion Microtubules serve as
  • ANSWERS-roads for organelles to travel (by way of motor proteins) in order to relocate within a cell. Mitochondria
  • ANSWERS-double membrane-enclosed (phospholipid bilayer) organelles that are the site of cellular respiration Monosaccharides are what kind of sugar
  • ANSWERS-simple sugars (saccharide) Most bacteria can be classified as what
  • ANSWERS-a single, living prokaryotic cell Most bilaryer membranes are
  • ANSWERS-asymmetric whereby the inner and outer membranes often differ in both lipid and protein contenct Most organisms are composed of what type of cells
  • ANSWERS-eukaryotic Motility is often seen as
  • ANSWERS-either pulling or gliding across motions. Pulling motions can be observed in some white blood cells that facilitate a crawling like motion

Primary structure

  • ANSWERS-Amino acid monomer units are arranged in a linear polypeptide chain. Each proteins has unique sequence of amino acids that form this primary structure. Prokaryotic cell size
  • ANSWERS-smaller than eukaryotic cells, 1-10 micrometers. Approximately 1/30,000 of an inch. It cannot be seen with the naked eye. Because of their size it can multiply faster and grow more quickly than eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells (prokaryotes) are
  • ANSWERS-simple cells and have three defining characteristics 1). size, 2). non-enclosed genetic material 3). lack of organelles and other internal membrane bound structures Proteins are constructed from monomers called what
  • ANSWERS-amino acids Proteins form enzymes to do what?
  • ANSWERS-Enzymes, and to make needed substances such as hemoglobins quaternary structure
  • ANSWERS-formation occurs when two or more polypeptide chains interact. This structure incorporates the structures of both polypeptide chains into one large structure. Ribose and Deoxyribose is what kind of saccharide and where can it be found
  • ANSWERS-Monosaccharide and in DNA and RNA Ribosomes are
  • ANSWERS-complexes of tiny manufacturing plants that assemble proteins. Ribosomes are responsible for linking together what
  • ANSWERS-Amino acids, specified by RNA, in order to generate proteins needed for sustaining the cell. Ribosomes are responsible for what?
  • ANSWERS-linking together amino acids, as specified by RNA, in order to generate proteins needed for sustaining the cell. RNA is responsible for
  • ANSWERS-deciphering the hereditary information in DNA and using it to synthesize proteins RNA nucleotides contain one of four bases. What are they?
  • ANSWERS-Adenine (A), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C), or Uracil (U). Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)
  • ANSWERS-the section that has the small granular ribosomes attached and appears bumpy. secondary active transport occurs when
  • ANSWERS-one molecules, such as sodium, is transported across the membrane theryby providing energy for a second substance such as glucose, to be tranposrted across the cell membrane

Secondary Structure

  • ANSWERS-there are two repeating patterns that may occur in a polypeptide chain. Some regions can form a spring-like coil while others can form a sheet-like structure. Selectie permeability
  • ANSWERS-characterized by the ability of certain substances to pass through the cell membrane while other molecules cannot. Simple diffusion
  • ANSWERS-tendency for solutes to move from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration. Since the prokaryotic cell membrane lacks organelles the plasma membrane is often what
  • ANSWERS-folded inward to create numerous pockets where chemical reactions can take place. Small specialized structures within the cell that carry out important activities, such as generating energy or processing (and removing) waste
  • ANSWERS-Organelles Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)
  • ANSWERS-has no attached ribosomes and synthesizes:
  • phospholipids and cholesterol for membranes
  • steroid hormones for reproductive system
  • glycerides for storage in liver and fat cells
  • glycogen for storage in muscle and liver cells Starch is primary form utilized by
  • ANSWERS-plants to store glucose Steroids are often called
  • ANSWERS-Sterols, because of the alcohol group. (-OH) Sulfhydryl group (-SH)
  • ANSWERS-Thiol Tertiary structure
  • ANSWERS-The overall three-dimensional shape assumed by each individual polypeptide chain. This globular structure is determined by interactions amoung R groups and hydrogen bonds The area where the genetic material of prokaryotes is located is referred to as the
  • ANSWERS-nucleoid The basic unit of life
  • ANSWERS-What is a cell? The cell is the smallest unit that can do what
  • ANSWERS-carry out all activities associated with life, such as breaking down food for energy and removing waste

The sodium-potassium pump is an

  • ANSWERS-active form of transport used to move sodium ions of of the cell. The sugar of one nucleotide is linked to what
  • ANSWERS-the phosphate of the next nucleotide, while the nitrogenous base protrudes from each sugar in the strings. The tail group of the phospholipid is a
  • ANSWERS-hydrocarbon - a molecule containing an H and C - composed of non-polar fatty acid chains. The tail of a phospholipid is?
  • ANSWERS-hydrophobic There are four types of passive movement
  • ANSWERS-simple diffusion, osomosis, filtration, and facilitated diffusion This junction is very strong and often found in cells that must contract; it keeps them close together as force stretches them
  • ANSWERS-Desmosomes Tight Junctions can be thought of
  • ANSWERS-as a belt, they are mechanical structures that wrap around the cell to prevent extracellular fluix (ECF) from leaking Transport vesicles from the ER are directed to where
  • ANSWERS-the Golgi apparatus Triglycerides when broken down can yield how much more energy per gram than carbohydrates
  • ANSWERS-twice as much Trioses
  • ANSWERS-3 carbon sugars (C3H6O3) True or False (state why): Biomacromolecules are said to be polymers
  • ANSWERS-True, because they contain many monomers. True or False prokaryotic cells do not contain internal membrane-bound organelles
  • ANSWERS-True True or False: A protein is made up one or more polypeptide chains?
  • ANSWERS-True True or False: All cells contain organelles as there are different types of cell
  • ANSWERS-False, not all cells contain organelles. True or False: Elements can be broken down to simpler substances
  • ANSWERS-False

True or False: Eukaryotic cells are larger than prokaryotes

  • ANSWERS-True, they are 10-100 times larger True or False: Eukaryotic cells do not contain membrane-bound organelles
  • ANSWERS-False, they do True or False: eukaryotic cells possess a nuclear membrane
  • ANSWERS-True (eukaryotic means true nuclues) True or False: High Density Lipoprotein is considered good cholesterol
  • ANSWERS-True True or False: Hydrogen bonds are weak individually, but are fairly strong in mass
  • ANSWERS-True True or False: Hydrogen bonds cause water to have a relatively low boiling point and freezing point
  • ANSWERS-False: they cause them to have a relatively high True or False: Ions can be negatively or positively charged?
  • ANSWERS-True True or False: Lipid-insoluble molecules cannot diffuse across the membrane alone
  • ANSWERS-True True or False: Low Density Lipoprotein is considered food cholesterol
  • ANSWERS-False, it is bad because it has the ability to build up within the vessels of the body. True or False: RNA can contain thymine
  • ANSWERS-False, thymine is instead substituted with uracil True or False: The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth while the inner membrane is tortuous with folds
  • ANSWERS-True True or False: There is a cure for phenylketonuria
  • ANSWERS-False. There is no cure, but it is treatable with a combination of medication and a specialized diet low in phenylalanine. Two types of nucleic acids
  • ANSWERS-DNA and RNA Water diffuses from an area of
  • ANSWERS-high concentration to an area of low concentration what 3 types of protein fibers make up the cytoskeleton?
  • ANSWERS-microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments

What is Matter? What state can it exist in?

  • ANSWERS-Anything that takes up space, by having volume and mass. It can be a solid, liquid, gaseous (vapor) state, or plasma state. What is osmotic pressure
  • ANSWERS-the forces required to prevent water from moving across a selectivley permeable membrane What is phenylketonuria?
  • ANSWERS-a rare inherited disorder that causes an error in the gene that encodes for the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase. Without this enzyme the essential amino acid phenylalanine cannot be broken down, and it quickly builds up in the blood. What is the building block of carbohydrates?
  • ANSWERS-monosaccharides What is the building block of DNA and RNA (Nucleic Acids)
  • ANSWERS-Nucleotide What is the building block of Lipids
  • ANSWERS-Glycerol and fatty acids What is the building block of proteins?
  • ANSWERS-amino acids What is the carbohydrate element constituent?
  • ANSWERS-C, H, O What is the difference between essential and trace elements?
  • ANSWERS-Essential elements are required for human life. Trace elements are required only small quantities What is the difference between Essential Elements and Trace Elements?
  • ANSWERS-Essential elements are required for human life Trace elements are required only in small quantities. What is the DNA chain held together by
  • ANSWERS-hydrogen bonds between protruding bases. What is the DNA chain referred to as
  • ANSWERS-Double helix What is the element constituent of DNA and RNA (Nucleic Acids)
  • ANSWERS-C,H,O,N,P What is the element constituent of lipids
  • ANSWERS-C,H,O (sometimes P and N)

What is the element constituent of Protein?

  • ANSWERS-C,H,O,N and (S in most) What is the golgi apparatus?
  • ANSWERS-an organelle made up of a series of interconnected flattened sacs called cisternae What is the golgi complex responsible for
  • ANSWERS-receiving lipids and proteins synthesized by the ER, altering their structures and shipping them to other parts of the cell. What is the hydrogen to oxygen ratio in a carbohydrate
  • ANSWERS-2:1, and it always will be What is the main role of HDL
  • ANSWERS-to remove cholesterol from other parts of the body and take it to the liver. What is the major function of carbohydrates
  • ANSWERS-Energy Metabolism What is the major function of DNA and RNA (Nucleic Acids)
  • ANSWERS-Regulation, Heredity, Protein Synthesis What is the major function of lipids
  • ANSWERS-Energy, Structural, and Regulatory What is the major function of proteins?
  • ANSWERS-Regulation, structure, transport, and protection. What is the nucleus surrounded by?
  • ANSWERS-porous, double membrane (envelope) What is the primary source of fuel for organism
  • ANSWERS-Carbohydrates What is the purpose of the cell membrane?
  • ANSWERS-Enclosing the cell's cytoplasm and organelles and separates the extracellular environment from the intracellular environment What is used primarily as a source for fuel storage
  • ANSWERS-Fats and Oils What kind of molecules (or atoms) have a net electrical charge?
  • ANSWERS-Ions What percent of the six elements make up an organism
  • ANSWERS-98% What structures of the cells are complexes of tiny manufacturing plants that assemble proteins?
  • ANSWERS-Ribosomes