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Antarctica: The 7th Continent - Geography, History, and Research, Study notes of Dynamics

University of StrathclydeDynamics

Explore Antarctica, the 7th largest continent and the coldest, driest, and windiest place on Earth. Learn about its unique history, formation, and the scientific research conducted there, including ice dynamics, drilling, and the Antarctic Treaty. Discover the significance of the South Pole and its research stations, as well as the impact of climate change and tourism.

What you will learn

  • What types of research are conducted in Antarctica and why is it important?
  • What is unique about Antarctica compared to the Arctic?
  • How did Antarctica form and why is it called the 7th continent?
  • What is the Antarctic Treaty and what role does it play in research and conservation?
  • Is Antarctica melting and what are the consequences?

Typology: Study notes

2021/2022

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ANTARCTICA
The 7th Continent
OUTLINE
ā€¢Why is Antarctica the 7th continent and so
different from the Arctic?
ā€¢How Antarctica came to be.
ā€¢Is Antarctica melting?
ā€¢Antarctic Treaty
ā€¢Research
ā€¢Ice dynamics
ā€¢Drilling
John Gunton
Mar 27, 2021
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Partial preview of the text

Download Antarctica: The 7th Continent - Geography, History, and Research and more Study notes Dynamics in PDF only on Docsity!

ANTARCTICA

The 7

th

Continent

OUTLINE

ā€¢ Why is Antarctica the 7

th

continent and so

different from the Arctic?

ā€¢ How Antarctica came to be.

ā€¢ Is Antarctica melting?

ā€¢ Antarctic Treaty

ā€¢ Research

ā€¢ Ice dynamics

ā€¢ Drilling

John Gunton Mar 27, 2021

Why the 7 th Continent? What defines a continent? Convention: Worldā€™s main continuous expanses of land? Historical: Last to be discovered Geological: ā€œLands accreted to a core of ancient cratonic rock (2.4 Gya)ā€

Subducting/collision plate margin Plates and Plate Margins Spreading ridge plate margin

J. Tuzo Wilson CC OBE FRS FRSE FRSC (1908-1993) Continental Drift: A precursor concept to Plate Tectonics

  • 1912 Alfred Wegener proposed ā€œContinental Driftā€.
  • His drift mechanism was the spinning earth
  • The mechanism was rejected by geologists
  • He died in 1930.
  • His idea was taken up by Wilson and others.
  • In 1966 Wilson published a landmark paper. John Tuzo Wilson, Nature 1966, v. 211
  • This led to Plate Tectonic Theory and the ā€œWilson Cycleā€ was introduced in 1974

300 Mya Pangaean Glaciation

200 Mya

50 Mya

MAP COURTESY OF CR SCOTESE,

PALEOMAP PROJECT

Present Day

MAP COURTESY OF CR SCOTESE, PALEOMAP

PROJECT: NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC

300 My of Temperature Fluctuation Global Average Wikimedia 1 8 C Snowball Earth # Drake Passage Forms & Antarctica is isolated in polar position 40 mya East Antarctica Ice Sheet West Antarctica Ice Sheet North Hemisphere Ice TODAY Time zero Snowball Earth # TODAYā€™s Temp Scale change Scale change Scale change Scale change

Geomagnetic and Magnetic Poles

(kyoto-u.ac.jp)

South Magnetic Pole

  • Drifting NW @10-15 kms per yr
  • Currently located Sth of Antarctic Circle
  • 2860 kms from Geographic South Pole North Magnetic Pole
  • Drifting NW @55 - 60 kms per yr

ANTARCTICA First sighted 1820 (Russians - Lazarev) First landing 1821 (Americans - Davis) 7 th Continent 1839 (Americans ā€“ Wilkes) 5 th largest continent Twice size of Australia Coldest, driest, windiest, highest continent Highest Point 4 , 892 m ( 16 , 050 ft) Vinson Massif 98 % covered by a continuous ice sheet called land ice to distinguish it from sea ice The land ice holds approx. 70 % of world`s fresh water Predicted sea level rise of 60 m if melted No permanent human residents